Makarios [III] - Makarios

Japanese: マカリオス[3世] - マカリオス

Archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus and first president. His real name was Mikhail Mouskos. He was born in Ano Pancyia, near Paphos on the western edge of Cyprus. He studied theology and law at the University of Athens and theology at Boston University. He was ordained in 1946, became Bishop of Kition in 1948, and Archbishop in 1950. In Cyprus, there was the Enosis movement in the late 18th century, which sought to expel Turkish residents and unite with Greece, but when Cyprus became a direct colony of Britain in 1925, it became an anti-British nationalist movement centered on the Enosis movement. Makarios was active as a leader of this movement, and was exiled to the Seychelles by the UK in 1955, and released the following year. When Cyprus' independence was recognized in 1959, he returned to Cyprus to a warm welcome. He became the first Prime Minister of Greek Cypriots under the Greek-Turkish interim government, and was elected President in the same year. In 1974, he was temporarily removed from power in a coup, but returned to the presidency at the end of the same year, a position he held until his death. After his death, the positions of archbishop and head of state were separated.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

キプロスのギリシア正教会の大主教，初代大統領。本名ミハイル・ムースコス。キプロスの西端パフォス近郊のアノ・パンキュイア生れ。アテネ大学で神学と法律学を，ボストン大学で神学を学んだ。1946年聖職につき，1948年キティオンの主教に，1950年大主教に就任。キプロスには18世紀後半からトルコ系住民を排しギリシア系住民によるギリシアとの合体を求めるエノシス運動があったが，1925年から英国の直轄植民地になると，エノシス運動を中核とする反英民族主義運動となった。マカリオスはこの指導者として活躍，1955年英国によりセーシェル諸島に追放され，翌年釈放。1959年キプロスの独立が認められると熱烈な歓迎の中を帰国。ギリシア・トルコ暫定政権下でギリシア・キプロス第１首相となり，同年大統領に選ばれた。1974年クーデタで一時政権の座を追われるが，同年末には大統領に復帰，死去するまでその職にあった。その死後，大主教と国家元首の地位は分離された。

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