German statistician. Famous for discovering "Engel's Law." Born in Dresden. Studied mining metallurgy at the mining college in Freiburg, and after graduating, traveled to various European countries for about two years to study. During that time, he met Le Play, a mining engineer and well-known researcher in household surveys, in Paris, and Quetelet, an astronomer and excellent statistician, in Brussels, Belgium. Engel's interactions with these two men determined the course of his life. After returning to Japan, he was appointed head of the statistical office of the Kingdom of Saxony due to his achievements as a member of the Industrial Labor Conditions Investigation Committee, and in 1860 he was appointed head of the statistical office of the Kingdom of Prussia, a position he held for 22 years, during which he played a leading role in the development of statistical administration in Germany as well as in the statistical systems of other European countries. During this time he also left behind many academic achievements, among which Engels' Law, the basis of which he laid out in "The Condition of Production and Consumption in the Kingdom of Saxony" (1857) and which he clarified as the proportion of food expenses in household expenditures in "The Cost of Living of a Working Family in Belgium" (1895), still plays an important role today in considering living standards. [Taro Kimura] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの統計学者。「エンゲルの法則」の発見者として有名。ドレスデンに生まれる。フライブルクの鉱業専門学校で採鉱冶金(やきん)学を学び、卒業後約2年間にわたってヨーロッパ諸国に遊学した。その間、パリで、鉱山技師であり家計調査の著名な研究者でもあったル・プレーと出会い、さらにベルギーのブリュッセルで、天文学者であるとともに優れた統計学者でもあったケトレーに接する機会を得たが、この両者との交渉はその後のエンゲルの生涯を決定することとなった。帰国後ザクセン王国の工業労働事情調査委員として活躍した功績によって同王国統計局長となり、さらに1860年からはプロイセン王国統計局長に就任、以降22年間この職にあって、ドイツの統計行政のみならずヨーロッパ諸国の統計制度の発展のために指導的役割を果たした。またこの間、多くの学問的業績も残しているが、なかでも『ザクセン王国における生産と消費事情』(1857)で基礎を提示し、『ベルギー労働者家族の生活費』(1895)で、家計支出に占める食料費の割合として明示した「エンゲルの法則」は、今日でも生活水準を考えるうえで重要な役割を果たしている。 [木村太郎] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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