Kagamiyama old colored woodblock print - Kagamiyama old colored woodblock print

Joruri Gidayu-bushi. Historical piece. 11 volumes. Written by Yoyo-tai. First performed at the Gekiza in Edo in January 1782 (Tenmei 2). This play is a combination of the kabuki play "Sato no Kikigaki" (1780), which was based on the Kaga Disturbance, and the incident in 1724 (Kyoho 9) at the Edo residence of Matsudaira Suo-no-kami, in which the middle elder Michi put on the wrong sandals for the lady-in-waiting Sawano, commits suicide out of humiliation, and Michi's maid Satsu kills Sawano and avenges her master's grudge. The year after its premiere, it was adapted into a kabuki play, but the sixth and seventh stories, which deal with women's revenge, vividly depict the life of the ladies-in-waiting in the daimyo's mansion, making them an ideal piece for the Yayoi Kyogen in March, when the palace maids stay at their lodgings, and have been performed repeatedly. Commonly known as "Kagamiyama" or "Kagamiyama." Iwafuji, a lady-in-waiting of the Ashikaga clan, is involved in a conspiracy to embezzle from her master, and when her secret letter is picked up by the middle-ranking elder Onoe, she challenges him to a martial arts contest to frame him, but when she fails, she makes further accusations and beats Onoe with her sandals, humiliating him. Onoe is so frustrated that he writes down the evil deeds of Iwafuji and his gang and commits suicide. That night, the maid Ohatsu kills Iwafuji in the inner garden, and is allowed to become the second Onoe for her achievement of avenging her master's grudge.

During the Edo period, the script was devised for each performance, but in modern times, the standard scene arrangement is "The Match" (or "Shinaiuchi"), in which Ohatsu beats Iwafuji in place of Onoe, followed by "Zori-hit", "Onoue's Stable" (or "Long Battle"), "Karasunaki", in which Ohatsu, who has gone out on an errand, turns back worried about her master, the original "Stable", and finally "Okuniwa Revenge". In terms of direction, each role has an excellent form, such as the dignity and hatred of the antagonist Iwafuji, the introverted acting of the pure female role of Onoe, and the strength and compassion of Ohatsu. In addition, "Gonichi no Iwafuji on Mt. Kagami" written by Kawatake Mokuami is a sequel, and its main feature is that the skeleton of the murdered Iwafuji comes together to form the original figure of the lady-in-waiting, and so the story is commonly known as "Kotsuyose Iwafuji."

[Toshiaki Matsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

浄瑠璃義太夫節(じょうるりぎだゆうぶし)。時代物。11冊。容楊黛(ようようたい)作。1782年（天明2）1月江戸・外記座(げきざ)初演。加賀騒動に取材した歌舞伎(かぶき)脚本『加賀見山廓写本(さとのききがき)』（1780）と、1724年（享保9）松平周防守(すおうのかみ)の江戸藩邸で、中老みちが局(つぼね)沢野の草履(ぞうり)を履き違えたことから恥辱を受けて自害、みちの下女さつが沢野を討って主人の恨みを晴らした事件とをあわせて脚色。初演の翌年には歌舞伎に移されたが、女同士の敵討(かたきうち)を扱った六、七冊目が大名屋敷の奥勤めの生活を克明に描写しているので、御殿女中が宿下(やどさが)りする3月の弥生(やよい)狂言には絶好の演目となり、繰り返し上演されるようになった。通称「加賀見山」または「鏡山」。足利(あしかが)家の局岩藤(いわふじ)は主家横領の陰謀に加担し、密書を中老尾上(おのえ)に拾われたので、これを陥れるため武術の試合を挑んで失敗すると、さらに言いがかりをつけ、草履で尾上を打ち据えて恥を与える。尾上は無念のあまり、岩藤一味の悪事を書き残して自害。下女お初はその夜奥庭で岩藤を討ち、主人の恨みを晴らした功によって2代目尾上の名を許される。

　江戸期には上演ごとに脚本がくふうされたが、現代では、お初が尾上のかわりに岩藤を打ち負かす「試合」（または「竹刀打(しないうち)」）の次に「草履打」、「尾上部屋」（または「長局(ながつぼね)」）、使いに出たお初が主人の身を案じて引き返す「烏啼(からすな)き」、元の「部屋」、最後に「奥庭仕返し」という場割が定型。演出面も、敵役岩藤の貫禄(かんろく)と憎味(にくみ)、純女方(おんながた)の尾上の内向的な演技、お初の強さと情味など、各役に優れた型が完成されている。なお、河竹黙阿弥(もくあみ)作『加賀見山再岩藤(ごにちのいわふじ)』はその後日譚(たん)で、殺された岩藤の骸骨(がいこつ)が寄り集まって元の局の姿になるところが眼目なので、通称を「骨(こつ)寄せ岩藤」という。

［松井俊諭］

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