Indian politician. Born in the Kulin Brahman caste in Bengal. After graduating from Calcutta University, he went to England and passed the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination before returning to Japan. He started working as a civil servant, but was fired due to racist treatment by his British superiors. He then opened his own college in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and worked to educate young people. In 1876, he founded the India Association and began nationalist activities, mainly in Bengal. In 1883, he tried to establish the All India National Council in Calcutta, but after the All India National Congress was formed in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1885, he actively participated in it and became a leading figure in the pro-British moderate group within the Congress. He served as the chairman of the Congress in 1895 and 1902. In 1918, after the First World War, he led the moderate group within the Congress to leave the Congress and form the National Freedom League. In the same year, he was knighted by the British. His autobiographical book is The History of the Formation of the Indian Nation. [Masao Naito] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドの政治家。ベンガルのクリン・ブラーフマン・カースト出身。カルカッタ大学卒業後、イギリスに渡ってインド文官職(ICS)の試験に合格して帰国。文官勤務に入るが、イギリス人上司の人種差別的措置によって解雇され、その後カルカッタ(現コルカタ)で自らカレッジを開いたりして青年の教育に努め、1876年にはインド協会を設立し、ベンガルを中心に民族主義的活動を開始した。1883年にはカルカッタで全インド国民協議会の設立に努めたが、1885年のボンベイ(現ムンバイ)での全インド国民会議派結成後は積極的にこれに参加し、以後会議派内の親英的な穏健派グループの重鎮となった。1895年と1902年に国民会議派議長を務める。第一次世界大戦後の1918年に国民会議派内の穏健派グループを率いてこれを脱退し、国民自由連盟を結成。同年イギリスからナイトの称号を与えられた。著書に自伝的な『インド国民形成史』がある。 [内藤雅雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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