Horn

Japanese: ホルン

A type of brass instrument. Its name means "horn" and originates from a horn, and it developed through hunting horns and other instruments. It only produced natural harmonics, but in the mid-19th century, a valve mechanism and a bypass pipe were added, making it possible to play chromatic scales. It is also called the French horn. It is a transposing instrument with a 3.7m tube wound round, and has a large opening. In addition to the F horn, which has a range of three and a half octaves, there is also a B-flat horn, and nowadays the double horn, which can be used for both F and B-flat by operating the valves, is common. The valves are operated with the left hand, and the right hand is inserted into the opening, adjusting the amount of opening to change the tone. It has a rich sound that overwhelms other brass instruments and a delicate expression in soft sounds, making it an indispensable instrument in orchestras. It became common to use hunting horns in orchestras in the 18th century, starting with Handel's Water Music. Its soft tone harmonizes well with string and woodwind instruments, so it is often used in small ensembles. Even pieces with titles such as Woodwind Quintet often include the horn. Famous examples of its use as a solo instrument include concertos by Mozart and R. Strauss, and famous chamber music pieces such as Brahms' Horn Trio (1865, horn, violin, piano). →Saxhorn/Blaen→Related topics Orchestra | Handel

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

金管楽器の一種。その名は〈角(つの)〉の意で，角笛を起源とし，狩猟ホルンなどを経て発達。自然倍音のみしか出なかったが，19世紀中ごろにバルブ装置と迂回(うかい)管を付け半音階の演奏が可能になった。フレンチ・ホルンともいう。約3.7mの管を丸く巻いた移調楽器（移調）で，朝顔（開口部）は大きい。３オクターブ半の音域をもつヘ管のほか変ロ管もあり，現在はバルブ操作でヘ管・変ロ管の双方に使えるダブル・ホルンが一般的。左手でバルブを操作し，右手は朝顔にさしこみ，開孔量を調節して音色の変化を得る。他の金管楽器を圧倒する豊かな響きと弱音でのデリケートな表情を兼ね備え，管弦楽に欠かせない楽器。ヘンデルの《水上の音楽》をはじめ，18世紀には管弦楽での狩猟ホルンの使用が珍しくなくなった。その柔らかい音色は弦楽器や木管楽器ともよく調和するため，小編成のアンサンブルにもしばしば用いられる。木管五重奏曲などのタイトルが付く作品でも，ホルンが含まれる場合が多い。独奏楽器として用いられた例としてはモーツァルトやR.シュトラウスの協奏曲が有名で，ブラームスの《ホルン三重奏曲》（1865年。ホルン，バイオリン，ピアノ）のような編成による室内楽の名曲もある。→サクソルン／ブレーン
→関連項目管弦楽｜ヘンデル

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