Volvox

Japanese: ボルボックス(英語表記)Volvox
Volvox
An alga of the family Vulgaris, order Vulgariales. Also called Vulgaris. It grows in sunny places with little water movement, such as fallow rice fields. More than 10 species are known, and it is distributed all over the world. The algae are spherical, with a diameter of 0.5 mm, and even the largest are about 1 mm, and look like a slight green powder to the naked eye. The spheres are made of a thin membrane and are fragile, so they break easily when force is applied. Inside them, many tiny cells (sometimes more than 1000) are lined up to form colonies. Each cell has two flagella, one nucleus, and one eye, and each cell is connected to each other by thin protoplasmic filaments. The spherical algae grow as the cells divide, but when they reach a certain size, the surface of the sphere collapses into a cavity inside the sphere together with some cells to form a new sphere. These young algae within the cavity are called daughter bodies, and several can be counted within a single sphere. Each grows within the cavity and eventually breaks out of the parent body to become a new individual. Specialized cells are also known to invaginate into the cavity and become egg organelles that produce 3-9 eggs, or antheridia that produce 16-32 spindle-shaped, bi-terminal spermatozoa.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
緑藻類オオヒゲマワリ目オオヒゲマワリ科の藻類。オオヒゲマワリともいう。休耕水田など日当りよく水の動きの激しくない場所に発生する。 10種以上知られており,全世界に分布する。藻体は直径 0.5mm,大きなものでも 1mmほどの球状体で,肉眼ではわずか緑色の粉のようにみえる。球体は薄い膜から成りもろく,力を加えるとこわれやすい。その中に微小の細胞が多数 (ときに 1000以上になる) 並んで群体を形成している。この細胞はそれぞれ2鞭毛,1核,1眼点を有し,各細胞は互いに細い原形質糸で連絡している。球状の藻体は細胞の分裂による増加とともに大きくなるが一定の大きさに達すると,球面はいくつかの細胞とともに球体内部の腔内に陥入して,新しい球体をつくる。このような腔内の若い藻体を娘体というが,一つの球体内に数個も数えられることがあり,それぞれ腔内で生長し,最終的には親の体を破って外に出て新個体となる。また特殊な細胞が同様に腔内に陥入し,3~9個の卵子を生じる生卵器,または 16~32個の紡錘形で2頂毛を有する精子を生じる造精器となることが知られている。

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