Working Women's Welfare Law

Japanese: 勤労婦人福祉法 - きんろうふじんふくしほう

...A system that allows male and female workers with children to take time off or reduce their hours without losing their status or position at the workplace. When it was first implemented by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation and private companies in the 1960s, this system also had the significance of preventing female workers who had to quit their jobs to raise children from quitting, and reducing the costs of maternity care for mothers with infants. Therefore, the system was only aimed at women. The Equal Employment Opportunity Law enacted in 1985 included a provision that requires employers to make efforts to provide childcare accommodations for female workers (former Article 11). ...

From [Pregnancy]

...The Labor Standards Law (promulgated in 1947) only requires employers to grant six weeks of leave before childbirth and to assign pregnant women to lighter duties (Article 65, Clauses 1 and 3). However, the Working Women's Welfare Law (promulgated in 1972) requires employers to consider the health management of pregnant female workers (Articles 9 and 10), and based on this provision, some companies guarantee (1) commuting mitigation measures that shorten the working hours of pregnant women, (2) snack time outside of regular break times, (3) pregnancy disability leave that exempts women from working due to symptoms such as morning sickness, and (4) commuting leave granted for regular checkups under the Maternal and Child Health Law. These rights are often guaranteed to public servants through the National Personnel Authority Regulation 10-7 and ordinances. ...

From [Labor Law]

...promulgated in 1947), providing livelihood security for the unemployed (the Unemployment Insurance Law promulgated in 1947 was later amended to become the Employment Insurance Law in 1974, which introduced active measures to prevent unemployment), and at the same time the government itself carried out public works projects to create jobs (Emergency Unemployment Measures Law, promulgated in 1949, abolished in 1996). Gradually, the government's relatively passive and supportive policies shifted to requiring companies to employ a certain percentage of people with disadvantages, such as the physically disabled, and providing subsidies (the Employment Promotion Law for the Physically Disabled in 1960 ( The Act aimed to achieve full employment through the adjustment of overall employment supply and demand (Employment Measures Act, promulgated in 1966), and implemented public vocational training as well as standardized and encouraged in-company training (a 1969 amendment to the Vocational Training Act, promulgated in 1958). The Act also aimed to promote the employment of disabled persons by providing employment support to disabled persons and providing support to disabled persons.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the Working Women's Welfare Act is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…子どもをもつ男女労働者が，職場での身分や地位を失うことなく，休業や時間短縮などができる制度。1960年代に，電電公社や民間企業で実施され始めたとき，この制度は，育児のために退職せざるをえなかった女性労働者の退職を防ぎ，乳幼児をもつ母親労働者の母性保護のための経費を軽減するという企業の労務管理としての意味を併せもつものであった。したがって，制度の対象はあくまでも女性だけだった。85年に制定された〈男女雇用機会均等法〉には，女性労働者のために，事業主が，育児のための便宜供与をする努力規定がおかれた(旧11条)。…

【妊娠】より

…労働基準法(1947公布)は，産前6週間の休暇付与と妊娠中妊婦の軽易業務への転換を使用者に義務づけているにすぎない(65条1,3項)。しかし，勤労婦人福祉法(1972公布)は，事業主に妊娠中の女子労働者の健康管理への配慮を求めており(9,10条)，この条文をよりどころとして，いくつかの企業では，(1)妊婦の勤務時間を短縮する通勤緩和措置，(2)正規の休憩時間以外に軽食がとれる補食時間，(3)つわり等の症状に対し就労を免除する妊娠障害休暇，(4)母子保健法上の定期検診に対し付与される通勤休暇などが保障されている。公務員にはこれらの権利が人事院規則10‐7，条例を通じて，制度上保障されている場合が多い。…

【労働法】より

…1947公布)，失業中の生活保障を行う(1947年公布の失業保険法は後に改正され，74年には雇用保険法となり積極的な失業防止策がとり入れられた)と同時に政府みずからが公共事業を行って雇用を創出する(緊急失業対策法。1949公布，1996廃止)など，比較的後見的補助的な政策から，しだいに企業に対し身体障害者等条件の不利な人を一定の割合で雇用することを求め，奨励金を支給し(1960年の〈身体障害者雇用促進法〉(1987年〈障害者雇用促進法〉と改称)，71年の〈中高年齢者等の雇用の促進に関する特別措置法〉(1986年〈高年齢者等の雇用の安定に関する法律〉と改称)，72年の〈勤労婦人福祉法〉(1985年雇用機会均等法に改称))，総合的な雇用に関する需給の調節を通じて完全雇用を目ざし(雇用対策法。1966公布)，公的職業訓練を実施するとともに企業内訓練の規格化と奨励を図り(1958年公布の職業訓練法の1969年改正法。…

※「勤労婦人福祉法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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