Odo

Japanese: Odo

…This monastery was founded in 909-910 by William I, Duke of Aquitaine, on his estate of Cluny in Burgundy. It achieved unprecedented success in the monastic reform (Cluny Reformation) under a succession of outstanding abbots, beginning with the first abbot Bernaud. Its emphasis on the relief of the poor from the beginning and on the liturgy, which began with the second abbot Odo (c. 878-942), attracted the hearts of people living in an uneasy time to the monastery, and it received support not only from the peasants but also from the upper classes. The centralized organization based on the branch system, which is the institutional characteristic of this monastery, was strengthened by several papal charters, especially in the early 11th century, as a monastic order directly under the Pope, which could exclude even bishoprics. …

From the Universal Debate

… The debate also extended to theology. Odo, Bishop of Campre at the end of the 11th century, defended the doctrine of hereditary original sin, arguing that Adam was a substantial unity of many individuals, and therefore Adam's children were all of the same substance, differing only in nature. On the other hand, Roscellinus, a contemporary of Odo and teacher of Abelard, believed that only particular things exist, and that the universal is merely a "vox," and came to advocate tritheism rather than a trinity. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Odo" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…909‐910年に，アキテーヌ公ギヨーム1世によって彼の所領ブルゴーニュのクリュニー荘園内に建設された修道院で，初代修道院長ベルノー以下歴代優れた修道院長をえて修道院改革(クリュニー改革)に空前の成功を収めた。当初からの貧民救済と第2代院長オドーOdo(878ころ‐942)から始まる典礼の重視は不安な時代に生きる人々の心を当院に向けさせ，農民のみならず上層階級の支持をも受けた。この修道院の制度的特色をなす分院体制に基づく中央集権的組織は特に11世紀初頭における幾つかの教皇特許状によって，司教権をも排除しうる教皇直属の修道会として強化された。…

【普遍論争】より

…　論争は同時に神学にもおよんだ。11世紀末のカンプレの司教オドOdoは原罪遺伝説を擁護し，アダムは多数の個の実体的統一であるから，アダムの子らはみな同一実体で，性質のみが異なると主張した。他方，オドと同時代でアベラールの師でもあったロスケリヌスRoscellinusは，実在するものは個物のみで，普遍はたんなる〈音声vox〉にすぎないと考えて，三位一体ではなく三神論を主張するに至った。…

※「Odo」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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