A general term for compounds in which porphine, a ring-closing compound formed by bonding four pyrrole rings to four carbons, has a side chain such as a methyl group. It is a compound that constitutes the pigment portion of hemoglobin (blood pigment), cytochromes (respiratory pigments), chlorophylls, etc., which play an important role in oxidation-reduction reactions in living organisms. Therefore, it is widely found in the living world, but porphine itself, which makes up the central structure of porphyrin, does not exist in nature. Most of them are green or red in color and show unique absorption and fluorescence spectra. The basic structure of chlorophylls, the photosynthetic pigments of plants, is a protoporphyrin with four nitrogen atoms coordinated with magnesium. In 1996, zinc-coordinated chlorophylls (bacteriochlorophyll a) were found in photosynthetic bacteria that live in acidic environments. Copper-coordinated chlorophylls are stable and are used as additives in foods. The pigment parts of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome b, etc. are protoporphyrin with iron coordinated. Animal and bacterial porphyrins are made from the condensation of glycine and succinyl CoA (active succinic acid). Meanwhile, research since the 1990s has revealed that the porphyrins of plant chlorophylls are made from glutamic acid and other substances. [Masahiko Ikeuchi and Issei Mabuchi] "The Magicians of Biochemistry - Porphyrin" by Mori Masayasu (1990, Shokabo)" ▽ "Simple Biochemistry" edited by Hayashi Norio and Hirono Haruko (1993, Nankodo)" ▽ "General Biochemistry" by Okuhara Eiji (1993, Nankodo)" ▽ "The Life Science of Porphyrin and Heme - Developments in Genetic Diseases, Cancer, Engineering Applications, and More" edited by the Porphyrin Study Group (1995, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)" ▽ "Biochemistry Guidebook" by Endo Katsumi and Miwa Kazutomo (1996, Nankodo)" ▽ "Medical Biochemistry" edited by Maita Tetsuo et al. (2000, Nankodo)" [References] | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> The structure of protoporphyrin. Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
4個のピロール環が4個の炭素で結合して閉環したポルフィンにメチル基などの側鎖のついた化合物の総称。生体内の酸化還元反応に重要な役割を果たしているヘモグロビン(血色素)、チトクロム類(呼吸色素)、クロロフィル(葉緑素)類などの色素部分を構成する化合物である。したがって、生物界に広くみいだされるが、ポルフィリンの中心構造をつくっているポルフィン自身は天然には存在しない。多くは緑色または赤色を呈し、特異な吸収スペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを示す。 植物の光合成色素であるクロロフィル類の基本構造は、プロトポルフィリンの4個の窒素原子にマグネシウムが配位したものである。また、1996年、亜鉛が配位したクロロフィル類(バクテリオクロロフィルa)が、酸性環境に生息する光合成細菌にみつかっている。銅を配位したクロロフィルは安定で、食品などへの添加物として利用されている。ヘモグロビンやミオグロビン、チトクロムbなどの色素部分は、プロトポルフィリンに鉄が配位したものである。動物や細菌のポルフィリン類は、グリシンとスクシニルCoA(活性コハク酸)が縮合したものからつくられる。一方、植物のクロロフィル類のポルフィリンは、1990年代以降の研究からグルタミン酸などからつくられることが明らかになっている。 [池内昌彦・馬淵一誠] 『森正保著『生化学の魔術師――ポルフィリン』(1990・裳華房)』▽『林典夫・広野治子編『シンプル生化学』(1993・南江堂)』▽『奥原英二著『一般生化学』(1993・南江堂)』▽『ポルフィリン研究会編『ポルフィリン・ヘムの生命科学――遺伝病・がん・工学応用などへの展開』(1995・東京化学同人)』▽『遠藤克己・三輪一智著『生化学ガイドブック』(1996・南江堂)』▽『毎田徹夫ほか編『医科生化学』(2000・南江堂)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> プロトポルフィリンの構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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