Born: February 2, 1929 in Fort Wayne, Indiana [died]August 9, 2015. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. A theorist who pioneered the field of "complex adaptive systems," systems made of adaptive components that enable collective behavior. He also systematized genetic algorithms (→ evolutionary computation) and learning classifier systems. He received his BS in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950, his MA in Mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1954, and his PhD in 1959, contributing greatly to the development of computer science as an academic field. Holland's mathematical techniques have helped solve problems in many fields, including economics, biology, and computer science. His genetic algorithms allowed computer programs to mimic and analyze the evolution of living organisms, and his classifier systems enabled inductive learning. In his seminal work Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (1975), he showed that complex societies and bodies are not the product of abstract rules, but are the result of various agents and their interactions. Holland |
[生]1929.2.2. インディアナ,フォートウェーン [没]2015.8.9. ミシガン,アナーバー アメリカ合衆国の計算機科学者。「複雑適応系」,つまり集団行動を可能にする適応性のある部品でできたシステムの研究分野を切り開いた理論学者。さらに遺伝的アルゴリズム(→進化的計算)と学習分類子システムを体系化した。1950年マサチューセッツ工科大学で物理学士号,ミシガン大学大学院で 1954年に数学の修士号,1959年に博士号を取得し,学問としての計算機科学の発展に貢献した。ホランドの数学的技術は経済,生物学,計算機科学などさまざまな分野の問題解決に役立った。遺伝的アルゴリズムはコンピュータプログラムに生物の進化をまねたり分析したりすることを可能にし,分類子システムは帰納学習を可能にした。特に独創的な著書『遺伝アルゴリズムの理論:自然・人工システムにおける適応』Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems(1975)では,複雑な社会や体の仕組みは抽象的なルールの産物ではなく,さまざまなエージェントと相互作用の結果であることを示した。 ホランド
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