Born: July 6, 1858, Derby, Derbyshire [Died] April 1, 1940. Hampstead, London. British economist. Studied at Oxford University from 1880 to 1887. He published more than 50 books and contributed articles to many journals, but he was criticized, especially by FY Edgeworth, and never held a formal position at a university. Since his debut work, The Physiology of Industry (1889), co-authored with AF Mummery, he has developed a theory of oversaving and underconsumption, which is considered a precursor to JM Keynes's theory of effective demand, which he later praised. His main work, Imperialism: A Study (1902), which closely observed the Boer War and argued that the cause of imperialism was the unfair distribution of wealth, which manifested itself as oversaving and underconsumption, is also considered a precursor to Lenin. Because of his pro-free trade stance, he left the Liberal Party after World War I and moved closer to the Labour Party, playing a major role in drafting the party's 1925 wage platform. Hobson |
[生]1858.7.6. ダービーシャー,ダービー [没]1940.4.1. ロンドン,ハンプステッド イギリスの経済学者。 1880~87年オックスフォード大学に学ぶ。その生涯に 50冊以上もの著書を公刊し,多くの雑誌に論文を寄稿したが,特に F.Y.エッジワースの批判を浴び,大学で正式な地位につくことはなかった。 A.F.ママリィと共著の処女作『産業の生理学』 The Physiology of Industry (1889) 以来彼が展開した過剰貯蓄と過少消費の理論は,後年これを評価した J.M.ケインズの有効需要論の先駆ともされる。また,ボーア戦争をつぶさに観察し,過剰貯蓄と過少消費として現れる富の不公正な分配が帝国主義の原因であるとした主著『帝国主義論』 Imperialism:A Study (1902) はレーニンの先駆と目されることもある。自由貿易支持の立場から第1次世界大戦後自由党を脱退し,労働党に近づき,同党の 1925年の賃金問題に関する政綱起草に大きな役割を演じた。 ホブソン
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