Notice - Notice

Laws of the Edo period. In the Edo Shogunate, ordinary individual laws were issued as Gofukugaki (decrees) when necessary. They were also called Gofuku, but those addressed to a narrow range of people or offices were called Otashi. The policy of Gofukugaki was decided by the Goyoheya, a council of senior councilors and young councilors, and the Okuyuhitsuku Migashira investigated and drafted them, and they became enacted law with the approval of the Shogun. The Omoteyuhitsu prepared copies of them called Kakitsuke (written documents) and distributed them according to the line of rule. It was common for the Oometsuke (observer) to hand them to the daimyo in the palace, the metsuke to the hatamoto and lower ranks, and other superiors to hand them down according to their ranks. At the lowest level, town and village officials announced them to the common people to ensure that they were widely known. In the Shogunate, there were those that affected the entire country and those that only targeted the Goryo (tenryo). In the domains, in addition to the Shogunate's Gofukushō, the daimyo also issued their own decrees. The contents of Gofukushō were mostly related to Shogunate ceremonies, annual events, thrift, and crime prevention and detection, and generally consisted of simple orders and prohibitions. After the eighth Shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, the Shogunate compiled Gofukushō into the "Gofukushō Shusei," but some domains compiled similar collections of laws, and many privately compiled collections remain.

[Yoshiro Hiramatsu]

"Early Modern Law" by Yoshiro Hiramatsu (included in "Iwanami Lecture Series: Japanese History 11: Early Modern Period 3", 1976, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Compilation of Imperial Decrees from the Kanpo, Horeki, Tenmei, and Tenpo Periods" edited by Shinzo Takayanagi and Ryosuke Ishii (1958, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代の法令。江戸幕府では通常の単行法は、必要に応じて御触書の形で公布した。御触ともよばれたが、狭い範囲の人や役所にあてられたものをとくに御達(おたっし)という。御触書は、老中、若年寄の合議体である御用部屋で方針が決定され、奥右筆組頭(おくゆうひつくみがしら)が調査、起案し、将軍の裁可によって制定法となる。表(おもて)右筆は書付(かきつけ)と称するその写(うつし)を作成し、支配系列に応じて配布した。大名には大目付(おおめつけ)が殿中で渡し、旗本以下には目付を通し、その他役職に応じて上司が下付するのが普通である。末端では町村役人が庶民に申し渡して周知徹底を期した。幕府の場合は全国に触れられるものと、御料(ごりょう)（天領）だけを対象としたものとがある。藩では幕府の御触書とともに、大名が独自に定めたものとが行われた。御触書の内容は、幕府の儀式、年中行事、倹約、犯罪の予防摘発などに関するものが多く、一般に命令禁止の旨を簡明に記してある。幕府では8代将軍徳川吉宗(よしむね)以後、御触書を整理編集して『御触書集成(しゅうせい)』をつくったが、藩のうちには同種の法令集を編集したものもあり、私人の編集によるものも多数残っている。

［平松義郎］

『平松義郎著「近世法」（『岩波講座　日本歴史11　近世3』所収・1976・岩波書店）』▽『高柳真三・石井良助編『御触書寛保・宝暦・天明・天保集成』（1958・岩波書店）』

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