…The annual variation becomes larger the further southwest you go, but the average is highest at over 1200mm in the eastern mountains, 800-900mm in the northeastern part of the High Belt, 500-600mm in the southwest, and the lowest at 300-400mm in the Limpopo lowlands. [Toya Hiroshi] From Zimbabwe [Ruins]…There has long been fierce debate about the date and builders, with theories that they were ancient Easterners and Africans in conflict. However, archaeological and ethnological surveys and excavations since 1958 have revealed that the Shona and Rozwi built it between the 11th and 18th centuries, and that it can be divided into an early Monomotapa period (Monomotapa Kingdom) and a later Mambo period. In the 11th century, the Shona, who raised cattle, built the stone walls of the Acropolis by piling irregular stones without lime. … From Mozambique...With the support of Tanzania, the Makonde were active as leading members of the Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) at the time of independence. The Shona, who live in the southern part of Zimbabwe, are agricultural people who cultivate mainly sorghum and corn, as well as finger millet, rice, and beans. They also raise cattle, which are used as bride price, but women are not allowed to approach them. From the Kingdom of Monomotapa...South Africa, now the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a tribal confederation of the Shona and Rozwi peoples that stretches from the Zambezi River in the north to the Transvaal in the south, eastern Botswana in the west, and the Indian Ocean in the east. It flourished from the 11th to the 19th centuries and is divided into the Monomotapa period (11th to 15th centuries) and the Mambo (meaning "king") period (15th to 19th centuries). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Shona" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…年による変動が南西へいくほど大きくなるが,平均は東部山地の1200mm以上を最多に,ハイ・ベルトの北東部で800~900mm,南西部で500~600mm,最少のリンポポ低地で300~400mmである。【戸谷 洋】 【ジンバブウェ[遺跡]】より…建設年代および建設者については,古くから激しい議論があり,古代東方人説とアフリカ人説とが対立していた。しかし1958年以後の考古学的および民族学的な調査・発掘によって,ショナ族Shonaとロズウィ族Rozwiが11~18世紀に建設したこと,また前期のモノモタパ期(モノモタパ王国)と後期のマンボMambo期に分けられることが判明した。 11世紀に牛を飼うショナ族が,石灰なしで不整形の石を積んで〈アクロポリス〉の石壁を築いた。… 【モザンビーク】より…またタンザニアの支援も得て,マコンデ族は独立時にはモザンビーク解放戦線(FRELIMO(フレリモ))の有力メンバーとして,積極的に活動した。 ジンバブウェにまたがり南部に居住するショナ族Shonaは,モロコシ,トウモロコシを中心に,シコクビエ,イネ,豆類を栽培する農耕民である。牛も飼育し,花嫁代償(婚資)として用いるが,女性は牛に近づくことも許されない。… 【モノモタパ王国】より…南アフリカ,現在のジンバブウェ共和国を中心に,北はザンベジ川,南はトランスバール,西はボツワナ東部,東はインド洋に及ぶ,ショナ族Shonaおよびロズウィ族Rozwiを中心とする部族連合王国。11~19世紀に栄え,モノモタパMonomotapa期(11~15世紀)とマンボMambo(〈王〉の意)期(15~19世紀)に分けられる。… ※「Shona」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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