When a metal is immersed in an aqueous solution, it has a tendency to become a positive ion and enter the solution. This tendency is called the ionization tendency. A list of metals with this tendency from most to least is called an ionization series, also known as an electrochemical series. Hydrogen is treated equally to metals. However, this tendency can change depending on the concentration of metal ions in the aqueous solution, even for the same metal. Therefore, when comparing the tendency of different metals, the comparison must be made under the same conditions. For this reason, standard electrode potentials are used to quantitatively compare ionization tendencies. Metals that are earlier in the ionization series are more likely to become ions (be more easily oxidized), so when a metal is immersed in an aqueous solution containing ions of a metal with a lower ionization tendency than that metal, an ion exchange reaction occurs. For example, between zinc and copper, or copper and silver, Zn+2H + ―→Zn 2+ +H 2 ↑ [Toda Genjiro and Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
金属は水溶液に浸した場合、陽イオンになって水溶液中に入ろうとする傾向がある。この傾向をイオン化傾向という。この傾向の大きな金属から小さな金属へと並べたものをイオン化列といい、また電気化学列ともいう。水素も金属と同等に取り扱う。ただしこの傾向は、同じ金属でも水溶液中にその金属イオンがあれば、その濃度によって変わる。そのため、違った金属の間でこの傾向を比較する場合には、同じ条件の下で比べなければならない。この理由のために、イオン化傾向の定量的比較には標準電極電位が使われる。イオン化列で前にある金属ほどイオンになりやすい(酸化されやすい)から、その金属よりもイオン化傾向の小さな金属のイオンの水溶液に浸すと、イオンの置換反応をおこす。たとえば、亜鉛と銅、銅と銀とでは、 Zn+2H+―→Zn2++H2↑ [戸田源治郎・中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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