Yoriyuki Hosokawa

A military commander during the Northern and Southern Courts period. Kanrei (regent) of the Muromachi Shogunate. Commonly known as Yakuro. Umanosuke, Uma no Kami, and Musashi no Kami. His Buddhist name was Jokyu and his religious name was Keigan. He was the son of Hosokawa Yoriharu, the guardian of Awa and head of the Samurai Office. From 1350 (Shohei 5, Kan'o 1) to the following year, he served in Awa as his father's representative and fought against the Southern Court. In 52 (Shohei 7, Bunwa 1), when Yoriharu was killed in battle in Kyoto, he succeeded Awa Shugo, and the year after that he also became Iyo Shugo, and after fighting against the Southern Court in Kinai and Shikoku, in 56 (Shohei 11, Enbun 1), he became Chugoku Kanrei and pursued and defeated Ashikaga Tadafuyu's party, and in 62 (Shohei 17, Sadaharu 1), he killed his cousin, former Shogunate steward Hosokawa Kiyouji, in Sanuki by order of the Shogunate, and after culling the family, he became Sanuki and Tosa Shugo as well. In 67, by order of Shogun Yoshiakira, he became Kanrei of the Shogunate and assisted the young Shogun Yoshimitsu, a position he held for 12 years. During this time, he worked hard to establish the power of the shogunate by establishing the Hanzei Law, taking over the right of the Imperial Court (Northern Court) to collect dansen (taxes), attacking Southern Army bases in Kawachi, Ise, Ecchu, dispatching Imagawa Ryoshun as the Chinzei Kanrei (Kyushu Tandai), promoting Yoshimitsu in rank, increasing the authority of the shogun family by building the shogunate's Shintei (Flower Palace), purifying the customs of the Buddhist world below the Five Mountains, and strengthening control. At the same time, he appointed his brother Yorimoto and other family members as head of the Samurai-dokoro and shugo of various provinces, laying the foundation for the rise of the shugo daimyo Hosokawa clan. He eventually incurred the backlash of feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa, and in 79 (Tenju 5, Koryaku 1), he was overthrown, shaved his head and retreated to Shikoku, where he gathered his clan and vassals and devoted himself to governing his provinces. In 89 (Genchu ​​6, Ko'o 1), he assisted Yoshimitsu in his tour of the Seto Inland Sea, and the following year he became the governor of Bingo and put down the rebellion of Yamana Tokihiro. In 91 (Genchu ​​8, Meitoku 2), he became the guardian of Yorimoto, who had been appointed kanrei, and once again participated in the shogunate government, where he made a great contribution to putting down the Meitoku Rebellion. He died of illness on March 2nd the following year, 92. His grave is still preserved at Jizo-in Temple in Rakusai. He was a man of honesty and integrity who was highly trusted by Yoshimitsu. He loved waka, renga, poetry and prose, and was a staunch believer in Zen Buddhism. He built the Keitoku-ji and Jizo-in temples in Kyoto, the Kosho-in and Hokan-ji temples in Awa, and restored Gyukou-an temple in Tosa.

[Makoto Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

南北朝時代の武将。室町幕府の管領(かんれい)。通称弥九郎(やくろう)。右馬助(うまのすけ)、右馬頭(うまのかみ)、武蔵守(むさしのかみ)。法号常久(じょうきゅう)、道号桂岩(けいがん)。阿波(あわ)守護・侍所頭人(さむらいどころとうにん)細川頼春(よりはる)の子。1350年（正平5・観応1）から翌年にかけて父の名代(みょうだい)として阿波にあり南朝方と戦う。52年（正平7・文和1）頼春が京都で討ち死にすると阿波守護を継ぎ、翌々年伊予(いよ)守護を兼ね、畿内(きない)、四国で南朝方と連戦したのち、56年（正平11・延文1）中国管領となって足利直冬(あしかがただふゆ)党を追討し、62年（正平17・貞治1）従兄弟(いとこ)の前幕府執事(しつじ)細川清氏(きようじ)を幕命により讃岐(さぬき)に討ち取り、一族の分立を淘汰(とうた)して讃岐・土佐守護を兼ねた。67年将軍義詮(よしあきら)の遺命により、幕府の管領となって幼少の将軍義満(よしみつ)を助け12年間在任。この間に半済(はんぜい)法の整備、朝廷（北朝）の段銭(たんせん)催徴権などの接収、河内(かわち)、伊勢(いせ)、越中(えっちゅう)などの南軍拠点攻撃、鎮西(ちんぜい)管領（九州探題）今川了俊(りょうしゅん)の発遣、義満の官位昇進や幕府新第(しんてい)（花の御所）の造営による将軍家の権威増進、五山以下仏教界の風儀粛正、統制強化などに努め、幕府権力の確立に力を尽くす。そのかたわら、弟頼元(よりもと)以下の一族を侍所頭人、諸国守護などに起用して守護大名細川氏興隆の基礎を築いた。やがて斯波義将(しばよしまさ)らの諸大名の反発を招き、79年（天授5・康暦1）失脚し、剃髪(ていはつ)して四国に下ったが、一族、被官を結集して分国の統治に専念した。89年（元中6・康応1）義満の瀬戸内巡歴に協力、翌年備後(びんご)守護となって山名時煕(やまなときひろ)の反乱を討ち、91年（元中8・明徳2）管領に就任した頼元を後見してふたたび幕政に参画し、明徳(めいとく)の乱の鎮定に殊功を収めた。翌92年3月2日病没。墓所は洛西(らくせい)地蔵院に現存する。性篤実で義満の信任厚く、和歌、連歌(れんが)、詩文を愛好し、禅宗を厚く信じ、京都の景徳寺・地蔵院、阿波の光勝院・宝冠寺を建立し、土佐の吸江庵(ぎゅうこうあん)などを再興した。

［小川　信］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例