…If the same person were to be entrusted with the legislative power, the supreme power from which all other powers derive and must be subordinated, and the executive power, which enforces the fixed and permanent laws made by the legislative power, they would be exempt from obedience to the laws they themselves make, so it would be necessary to assign these two powers to different people. The executive power enforces the laws on domestic matters, while the federal power manages external security and matters of the public interest. It is different from the executive power in that it is not as suitable as the executive power to be bound by pre-established laws, but these two powers are vested in the same person. Locke's theory of separation of powers demonstrated the results of the English Civil Revolution, which was summarized by the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1689, by formulating the superiority of the legislative power, with Parliament as its essential bearer. … *Some explanations of terms that refer to "federative power" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一切の他の権力がそれに由来し従属しなければならない最高の権力である立法権legislative powerと,立法権によってつくられた〈定まった恒常的な法〉を執行する執行権executive powerとを同一人にゆだねるなら,彼らは自分のつくる法への服従を免れることになってしまうから,これら2権を,違った人間に担当させることが必要となる。 執行権が国内事項についての法の執行であるのに対し,対外的な安全と公益事項の管理をおこなう同盟権federative powerがあり,執行権と比べて,あらかじめ定められた法に拘束されるのに適していないという点で区別されるが,この2権は,同一者によって担当される。ロックの権力分立論は,1689年の権利章典Bill of Rightsの採択によって総括されたイギリス市民革命の成果を,議会を本質的な担い手とする立法権の優位という定式化によって示すものであった。… ※「federative power」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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