Hosokawa clan

(1) Shugo daimyo of the Ashikaga clan. Seiwa Genji. The main line is the Kanrei family of the Muromachi shogunate. It began when Yoshisue, the great-grandson of Ashikaga Yoshiyasu, made Hosokawa-go, Nukata-gun, Mikawa Province (Hosokawa, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture) his main territory in the mid-Kamakura period. Yoshisue's great-grandsons Kazuuji, Yoriharu, and Morouji, and their cousins ​​Akiuji and Jozen, belonged to Ashikaga Takauji and achieved military success in Shikoku and Kinki, and became Shugo of several provinces as a family. Kiyouji, a son of Kazuuji, became a steward for Shogun Yoshiakira but was banished. Yoriharu's son Yoriyuki attacked the Ashikaga Tadafuyu faction in Chugoku, defeated his cousin Kiyouji in Shikoku, became a Kanrei and assisted Shogun Yoshimitsu, and consolidated the foundations of the Muromachi Shogunate and the shugo daimyo Hosokawa clan. The main lineage took over as shugo of Settsu, Tamba, Sanuki, and Tosa for generations and became kanrei, while the five branch families each inherited the shugo of Izumi (two families each half of the province), Awa, Awaji, and Bitchu. The time came for Kanrei Katsumoto, who came into conflict with Yamana Sozen (Mochitoyo) and sparked the Onin War (1467-77), and his son Masamoto deposed the Shogun and controlled the Shogunate government, but was killed by his retainers who supported his adopted son Sumiyuki. Since then, the family and retainers have been divided, leading to the rise of the Miyoshi clan of Awa, and in 1561 (Eiroku 4), Harumoto surrendered to Miyoshi Nagayoshi, and the Kanrei Hosokawa clan fell into total decline.

(2) A Tozama Daimyo (outside feudal lord) of the Edo Shogunate. The main family was the lord of the Higo Kumamoto domain. It originated from Fujitaka (Yusai), the nephew and adopted son of Hosokawa Mototsune, the guardian of half of Izumi Province. Fujitaka served the Ashikaga, Oda, and Toyotomi clans, and was the lord of Tanabe Castle in Tango (Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture). His son Tadaoki (Sansai) belonged to Tokugawa Ieyasu and became the lord of Kokura Domain in Buzen (Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture). Both father and son were skilled in historical studies and waka poetry. Tadaoki's son Tadatoshi was given the title of 540,000 koku in Kumamoto in 1632 (Kan'ei 9), and his descendants continued to be the lords of the powerful outside domains. Among them, Shigekata, who lived in the mid-Edo period, worked hard to reform the domain government and is known as a wise ruler. Tadaoki's younger brother Okimoto, Tadatoshi's nephew Yukitaka, and grandson Toshishige became the first lords of Hitachi Yatabe Domain (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture), Higo Udo Domain (Uto City, Kumamoto Prefecture), and Shinden Domain (later renamed Takase Domain, Tamana City, Kumamoto Prefecture), respectively. After the Meiji Restoration, all four families became members of the nobility, with the main family in Kumamoto becoming marquis, and the other three becoming viscounts.

[Makoto Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

(1)足利(あしかが)一門の守護大名。清和源氏(せいわげんじ)。嫡流は室町幕府の管領(かんれい)家。足利義康(よしやす)の曽孫(そうそん)義季(よしすえ)が鎌倉中期、三河国(みかわのくに)額田(ぬかた)郡細川郷（愛知県岡崎市細川）を本領としたのに始まる。義季の曽孫和氏(かずうじ)・頼春(よりはる)・師氏(もろうじ)兄弟とその従兄弟(いとこ)顕氏(あきうじ)・定禅(じょうぜん)ら兄弟は、足利尊氏(たかうじ)に属して四国、近畿などで軍功を重ね、一族で数か国の守護となった。和氏の子清氏(きようじ)は将軍義詮(よしあきら)の執事(しつじ)となったが追放された。頼春の子頼之(よりゆき)は中国に足利直冬(ただふゆ)党を攻め、四国で従兄弟清氏を討ち、管領(かんれい)となって将軍義満(よしみつ)を助け、室町幕府と守護大名細川氏との基礎を固めた。嫡流は代々、摂津、丹波(たんば)、讃岐(さぬき)、土佐の守護を継いで管領となり、庶流5家もそれぞれ和泉(いずみ)（半国ずつ2家）、阿波(あわ)、淡路、備中(びっちゅう)の守護を世襲した。管領勝元(かつもと)に至り、山名宗全(やまなそうぜん)（持豊(もちとよ)）と対立して応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）を引き起こし、その子政元(まさもと)は将軍を廃立して幕府政治を左右したが、養子澄之(すみゆき)を擁する家臣に殺された。それ以来一族・家臣分争して阿波の三好(みよし)氏の台頭を招き、1561年（永禄4）晴元(はるもと)が三好長慶(ながよし)に降り、管領細川氏はまったく没落した。

(2)江戸幕府の外様大名(とざまだいみょう)。本家は肥後熊本藩主。和泉半国守護細川元常(もとつね)の甥(おい)で養子の藤孝(ふじたか)（幽斎(ゆうさい)）よりおこる。藤孝は足利・織田・豊臣(とよとみ)氏に仕え、丹後(たんご)田辺(たなべ)（京都府舞鶴(まいづる)市）城主、その子忠興(ただおき)（三斎(さんさい)）は徳川家康に属し豊前(ぶぜん)小倉(こくら)（福岡県北九州市）藩主となり、父子ともに故実(こじつ)、歌道などに長じた。忠興の子忠利(ただとし)は1632年（寛永9）熊本54万石を領し、子孫相継いで外様雄藩の藩主。なかでも江戸中期の重賢(しげかた)は藩政改革に努め、名君として知られる。忠興の弟興元(おきもと)、忠利の甥行孝(ゆきたか)、孫利重(とししげ)はそれぞれ常陸(ひたち)谷田部(やたべ)（茨城県つくば市）藩、肥後宇土(うど)（熊本県宇土市）藩、新田(しんでん)藩（のちに高瀬藩と改称、熊本県玉名市）の初代藩主となる。明治維新後は4家ともに華族に列し、熊本の本家は侯爵、他の3家は子爵となった。

［小川　信］

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