Blood Test - Blood Test

Japanese: 血液検査 - ケツエキケンサ
Blood Test - Blood Test
Blood tests can provide a variety of information about the body. However, normal values ​​for each test vary depending on the testing institution, so it is important to check the results carefully.
Liver function tests: These tests measure the amounts of various serum enzymes released when liver cells are destroyed, such as ALT, AST, γ-GTP, ALP, and LDH. Biochemical tests and measuring total bilirubin in serum are also important in understanding the pathology and changes of liver disease.
Renal function test: Generally tests include urea nitrogen, creatinine, etc.
Pancreatic function test: In pancreatitis, increases in lipase, amylase, trypsin, etc. are seen.
Arteriosclerosis test: Measures total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol), triglycerides, etc. In general, an increase in total cholesterol and a decrease in HDL cholesterol are risk factors for arteriosclerosis.
Diabetes test: Measures blood glucose (fasting). For diabetic patients, HbA1c is measured, which is an important indicator for controlling diabetes.
Uric acid: High levels may indicate gout. It also increases with kidney failure and leukemia.
CRP▽ Checks for the presence and degree of inflammation, and monitors the progress of diseases that cause inflammation. Increases with infections and collagen diseases.
Total Protein: Measures the total amount of protein in serum and is used to screen for protein abnormalities in the body.
Red blood cell tests: Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit allow for the differential diagnosis of various types of anemia.
White blood cell test: Check the white blood cell count and its classification (type). Diseases that increase white blood cells include various inflammatory diseases, infections, and leukemia, while diseases that decrease white blood cells include immunodeficiency. When classifying white blood cells, the percentages of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes are important.

Source: "Japanese Handy Book for Quick Responses" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. Information about the Japanese Handy Book for Quick Responses

Japanese:
血液検査により、身体の様々な情報が得られる。ただし、各検査の正常値は検査機関によって異なるため、結果表をよく確認することが必要。
肝機能検査▽肝細胞が破壊されて放出される様々な血清中の酵素、ALT、AST、γ‐GTP、ALP、LDHなどの量を測る。生化学的検査や、血清中の総ビリルビンを測定することも、肝疾患の病態や変化を把握する上で重要。
腎機能検査▽一般に尿素窒素、クレアチニンなどを検査する。
膵臓機能検査▽膵炎では、リパーゼやアミラーゼ、トリプシンなどの上昇が見られる。
動脈硬化検査▽総コレステロール、HDLコレステロール(善玉コレステロール)、トリグリセリドなどを測定。一般に総コレステロールの増加、HDLコレステロールの減少が動脈硬化の危険因子。
糖尿病検査▽血糖(空腹時)を測定。糖尿病の患者については、HbA1cが測定され、糖尿病をコントロールする重要な尺度となる。
尿酸▽高値なら痛風の可能性が高い。腎不全や白血病などでも上昇。
CRP▽炎症の有無や程度を調べたり、炎症を起こす疾患の経過観察を行う。感染症や膠原病で上昇。
総たんぱく▽血清中のたんぱく質の総量を測り、生体内のたんぱく異常のスクリーニングに使う。
赤血球検査▽赤血球数、ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリットにより、様々な種類の貧血の鑑別診断をすることができる。
白血球検査▽白血球数とその分類(種類)を見る。白血球の増える病気には様々な炎症性疾患、感染症、白血病などがあり、逆に減る病気には免疫不全症などがある。白血球の分類では、リンパ球、好中球、好酸球、好塩基球、単球のパーセンテージが重要。

出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「とっさの日本語便利帳」とっさの日本語便利帳について 情報

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