synaptic cleft

Japanese: synaptic cleft(英語表記)synapticcleft
synaptic cleft

…This refers to the contact point between neurons. This area contains a synaptic cleft of about 150 to 200 Å, and in the presynaptic area of ​​the neuron there is a structure called a synaptic vesicle. It is thought that the vesicles contain chemical transmitters (neurotransmitters). When a nerve impulse reaches the terminal, the chemical transmitters are released, which diffuse to the postsynaptic membrane and bind to the receptors contained in this area, opening the chemical gate channel there, allowing ions to pass through and generating a synaptic potential. …

From [Nervous System]

…Mammalian synapses are usually chemical synapses, where excitation is transmitted via chemical substances (chemical transmitters). Synaptic vesicles (30-60 nm in diameter) containing chemical transmitters are collected at the presynaptic element of a chemical synapse, i.e., the axon terminal, and the cell membrane of the axon terminal faces the cell membrane of the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron across a gap (synaptic cleft) 20-30 nm wide. When an impulse reaches the axon terminal due to excitation of a neuron, transmitters such as norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and gamma aminobutyric acid (abbreviated as GABA) contained in the synaptic vesicles are secreted. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "synaptic cleft" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ニューロンとニューロンの接触部をいう。この部分には,約150~200Åのシナプス間隙synaptic cleftがあり,また,ニューロン内のシナプス前部にはシナプス小胞synaptic vesicleという構造がある。小胞中には化学伝達物質(神経伝達物質)が含まれていると考えられ,神経インパルスが終末部に到達すると化学伝達物質が放出され,これがシナプス後膜へと拡散し,この部分に含まれる受容体receptorと結合し,そこでの化学的開閉チャンネルを開き,それによってイオンが通過し,シナプス電位を発生する。…

【神経系】より

…哺乳類のシナプスは通常,化学シナプスであり,興奮伝達は化学物質(化学伝達物質chemical transmitter)を介して行われる。化学シナプスのシナプス前要素,すなわち軸索終末には化学伝達物質を含むシナプス小胞synaptic vesicle(直径30~60nm)が集合しており,軸索終末の細胞膜は次のニューロンの樹状突起ないし細胞体の細胞膜と幅20~30nmの間隙(かんげき)(シナプス間隙synaptic cleft∥synaptic gap)をもって相対している。ニューロンの興奮にともなって軸索終末にインパルスが到達すると,シナプス小胞に含まれているノルアドレナリンやアセチルコリン,γ‐アミノ酪酸gamma aminobutyric acid(略してGABA)などの伝達物質が分泌される。…

※「synaptic cleft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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