A general term for high-energy phosphate compounds stored in muscles in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is consumed in large quantities during muscle contraction. Both substances have the form of guanidine phosphate derivatives. Phosphagens are used to replenish ATP in the reaction with , and can also be synthesized from ATP and X. The phosphagen in vertebrates is creatine phosphate. In invertebrates, some also use creatine phosphate, but arginine phosphate is the most representative, and there are many other types, such as glycocyamine phosphate and taurocyanine phosphate, and research is currently being conducted on their distribution and metabolism, especially in annelids. In the 1940s, E. Baldwin of England pointed out that creatine phosphate exists in vertebrates and arginine phosphate in invertebrates, and that both coexist in echinoderms, which are thought to be the distant origin of vertebrates. Knowledge about invertebrates has since been greatly revised, but the current trend of phosphagen research with an interest in evolution began with Baldwin. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
筋肉が収縮した際に多量に消費されるアデノシン三リン酸 ATPの再補充のため, の形をとって筋肉中に備蓄されている高エネルギーリン酸化合物の総称。いずれもグアニジンリン酸誘導体の形をもつ物質。 の反応で ATP を補い,また ATPと X から合成もされる。脊椎動物でのホスファゲンはクレアチンリン酸である。無脊椎動物では,一部にクレアチンリン酸もあるが,アルギニンリン酸が代表的で,そのほかグリコシアミンリン酸,タウロシアミンリン酸など,多くの種類があり,特に環形動物で,それらの分布や代謝について研究が進んでいる。イギリスの E.ボールドウィンは 1940年代に,脊椎動物にはクレアチンリン酸,無脊椎動物にはアルギニンリン酸が存在し,脊椎動物の遠い源と考えられる棘皮動物には両者が共存すると指摘した。無脊椎動物については,その後知識は大いに改訂されたが,進化への関心をもってするホスファゲン研究という今日の流れは,ボールドウィンに始る。
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