The capital of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship in western Poland. In German, it is called Posen. It is located on the Warta River in the center of the Southern Wielkopolska Lowlands. It was built as a fortress in the 9th century, and was one of the central cities of Poland's early period along with Gniezno. In 968, the first bishopric in Poland was established here. Being a key transportation point, commerce flourished. In the 15th century, it became one of the trading centers of Europe, and in the 16th century, most of Poland's imports and exports passed through Poznan. The city was destroyed in the Swedish War in the mid-17th century and in the Northern War in the early 18th century, and was occupied by Prussia in 1793. From 1807 to 1815, it was part of the Duchy of Warsaw along with the Wielkopolska region, but was later annexed by Prussia again, and in 1918, it became a fierce battleground between the German and Soviet armies during the Great Uprising. In June 1956, workers and students launched an anti-government movement (the Poznan Uprising) which played a major role in the democratization of Poland. In modern times, it has been one of Poland's leading metalworking cities, with industries including textiles, machinery, rubber, food processing, chemicals and printing. It is also a major commercial center, and an international trade fair has been held there every year since 1921. There are many historical buildings, such as the cathedral (established in 1453) and the town hall (1550-55), centered around the old town on the left bank of the Warta River. In terms of education, the city has a number of higher education institutions, including a university named after Adam Mickiewicz, an opera company, a symphony orchestra, and excellent facilities such as museums, art galleries and theaters. Population: 578,235 (2002). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ポーランド西部,ウィエルコポルスキェ県の県都。ドイツ語ではポーゼン Posen。南ウィエルコポルスカ低地の中央,ワルタ川沿いに位置する。9世紀に城塞として建設され,グニェズノとともにポーランド草創紀の中心都市であった。 968年にはポーランド最初の司教座が置かれた。交通の要地にあって商業が発達。 15世紀にはヨーロッパの交易中心地の一つとなり,16世紀にはポーランドの輸出入品の大部分がポズナンを経た。 17世紀半ばのスウェーデン戦争,18世紀初頭の北方戦争により市街を破壊され,1793年にはプロシアに占領された。 1807~15年はウィエルコポルスカ地方とともにワルシャワ公国領となったが,のちプロシアに再併合され,1918年,大蜂起によりドイツ軍とソビエト連邦軍の激戦場となった。 1956年6月,労働者,学生によって起こされた反政府運動 (ポズナン暴動 ) はポーランドの民主化に大きな役割を果たした。近代以降はポーランド有数の金属工業都市で,繊維,機械,ゴム,食品加工,化学,印刷などの工業も行なわれる。また商業の大中心地でもあり,1921年以来,国際見本市が毎年行なわれている。ワルタ川左岸の旧市街を中心に聖堂 (1453創建) ,市庁舎 (1550~55) など歴史的建築物が多い。文教面ではアダム・ミツケーウィチの名を冠した大学などの高等教育機関をはじめ,歌劇団や交響楽団などをもち,博物館,美術館,劇場などの施設も優れている。人口 57万 8235 (2002) 。
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