Born November 2, 1795 in Mecklenburg, North Carolina [Died] June 15, 1849. Nashville, Tennessee. American politician. 11th president (in office 1845-49). After working as a lawyer in Tennessee, he served as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives (1823-25), a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1825-39), and Speaker of the House for the last four years. He was known as a staunch Jacksonian Democrat. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1839 to 1841, and in 1844 ran for president as a Democrat on a territorial expansion policy with the slogan "Territory up to 54°40′ north latitude, or war." He defeated H. Clay and was elected as the youngest president in American history. In domestic politics, he achieved tariff reductions and the restoration of an independent financial system, and in foreign affairs, he acquired northern Pacific coastal territories with Britain through the Oregon Compromise, and acquired vast Mexican territories such as California and New Mexico through the Mexican-American War and purchase. It was during this period that America achieved territorial expansion from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, as well as the establishment of the Department of the Interior, the Naval Academy in Annapolis, and the charter for the Smithsonian Institution. pork |
[生]1795.11.2. ノースカロライナ,メクレンバーグ [没]1849.6.15. テネシー,ナッシュビル アメリカの政治家。第 11代大統領 (在任 1845~49) 。テネシー州で弁護士として活動したのち,テネシー州下院議員 (23~25) ,連邦下院議員 (25~39) ,最後の4年間は下院議長として,筋金入りのジャクソン民主主義者として知られた。 1839~41年テネシー州知事となり,44年「北緯 54°40′までを領土に,しからずんば戦争を」を合言葉に領土拡張政策を掲げて民主党から大統領候補として出馬,H.クレーを破り,アメリカ史上最も若い大統領として当選。国内政治では関税引下げ,独立財務制の復活を達成し,外交面ではイギリスとのオレゴン協定による北部太平洋岸領土の獲得,アメリカ=メキシコ戦争や買収によるカリフォルニア,ニューメキシコなど広大なメキシコ領の獲得を行なった。大西洋岸から太平洋岸にいたるアメリカの領土拡大が実現したのはこの時代である。そのほか内務省の設置,アナポリスの海軍兵学校の設立,スミソニアン・インスティテューションの設立認可も彼の業績に数えられる。 ポーク
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