Knee brace; angle brace

Japanese: 方杖 - ほうづえ（英語表記）knee brace; angle brace

In buildings and bridges, a diagonal member is attached at an angle from the middle of the material to strengthen the corners formed by vertical and horizontal members. It prevents the attachment parts, such as the pillar and girders, the pillar and girder, and the beam, from deforming due to earthquakes, wind pressure, etc. If a diagonal brace is attached directly to a pillar, a bending moment will be generated in the pillar, so a support pillar is attached for reinforcement. In Western-style roof trusses and truss beams, the diagonal member is also called a diagonal brace. In old Japanese architecture, construction methods using corbels and brackets were common, and diagonal braces were not used much, but in the early modern period, examples of their use can be seen in castle architecture and other places.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

建築物や橋梁で，垂直材と水平材がつくる隅の部分を固めるために材の中間から中間を斜めに結んで取付ける斜材。柱と敷桁，柱と胴差および梁などの取付け部分が，地震，風圧などのために変形するのを防ぐ。方杖を柱に直接に取付けると，柱に曲げモーメントが生じるので，補強のために添え柱をつける。また洋風小屋組みやトラス梁などでは，その斜材を方杖と呼んでいる。日本の古い建築では，持送りや組物による構法が一般的で，方杖はあまり用いられなかったが，近世になって，城郭建築などにその使用例がみられる。

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