Pomponius Gauricus

…Artists of the time, in particular, studied physiognomy because they needed to depict the faces of the ancient gods, Jesus Christ, and his apostles in a way that was in keeping with their personalities and fates. Pomponius Gauricus's De Sculpture also discusses physiognomy, and Leonardo da Vinci, who drew grotesque profile sketches, was also interested in physiognomy and paid attention to the shape of the nose. A. Dürer also devoted himself to physiognomy based on the theory of the four elements, such as sanguineous, cholerous, phlegmatic, and melancholic, and created many works based on this theory. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Pomponius Gauricus" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…とくに当時の芸術家たちは，古代の神々やイエス･キリストとその使徒らの容貌を，その性格やたどった運命にかなうように描く必要から，人相学を研究した。ポンポニウス･ガウリクスPomponius Gauricusの《彫刻論》は人相学も論じ，グロテスクな横顔の素描を描いたレオナルド･ダ･ビンチも人相学に興味を示し，鼻の形に注目している。また，A.デューラーは多血質，胆汁質，粘液質，憂鬱（ゆううつ）質などのいわゆる四性論にもとづいた人相学に凝って多くの作品を描いている。…

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出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報