Baozi - Hokei

A prefecture-level city in the western part of Shaanxi Province, China. The city area spreads across the western part of the Wei River Plain, and has jurisdiction over three city districts and nine counties, including Fengxiang, Qishan, and Fufeng (as of 2016). The permanent population is 3,716,731 (2010). The area is surrounded by mountains on three sides, faces the Wei River Plain in front, and is a key location for controlling the fate of Guanzhong, with Longguan leading to the Western Regions to the west and Dasanguan leading to Sichuan to the south. As a result, it was also the base of forces such as Zhou, Qin, and the Shu of the Three Kingdoms that were trying to advance into Guanzhong from the west. Its center is Fengxiang, where Yong County was established in the Qin Dynasty and belonged to the Neishi, the capital of the country. In the Han Dynasty, it was called Youfufeng, then Fufeng County and Qizhou, and in the Tang Dynasty, it became Fengxiang Prefecture. Chencang District, the current center of the city, was the location of Chencang County and belonged to Fengxiang since the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was during the Tang Dynasty that it was renamed Baoji.

Currently, it is the transportation and distribution center connecting Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan, and is the starting point of the Longhai Line, Baocheng Line, Baozhong Line (Baoji - Zhongwei), and Baolin Line (Baoji - Linyou). With the development of the railway network, industry has also developed, and it has developed into the second largest industrial city in the province after Xi'an, with industries including machinery, steel, metallurgy, auto parts, spinning, and food.

[Motohide Akiyama, Editorial Department, July 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、陝西(せんせい)省西部の地級市。市域は渭河(いが)平原の西部に広がり、3市轄区、鳳翔(ほうしょう)、岐山(きざん)、扶風(ふふう)など9県を管轄する（2016年時点）。常住人口371万6731（2010）。この地域は三方を山地に囲まれ、前面に渭河平原を臨み、西には西域(せいいき)に至る隴関(ろうかん)、南には四川(しせん)に至る大散関(だいさんかん)を控え、関中(かんちゅう)の死命を制する要地であった。そのため周、秦(しん)、三国の蜀(しょく)など西方から関中に進出しようとする勢力の根拠地でもあった。その中心は鳳翔で、秦代に雍(よう)県が置かれて京畿(けいき)である内史に属し、漢代には右扶風、その後、扶風郡、岐州と変わり、唐代になって鳳翔府となった。現在市の中心である陳倉(ちんそう)区には秦漢以来、陳倉県が置かれ鳳翔に属してきた。宝鶏と改名されたのは唐代である。

　現在は陝西と甘粛(かんしゅく)、四川を結ぶ交通、流通の中心であり、隴海(ろうかい)線が通るほか、宝成線、宝中線（宝鶏―中衛(ちゅうえい)）、宝麟線（宝鶏―麟游(りんゆう)）の起点である。鉄道網の整備とともに工業も発達し、機械、鉄鋼、冶金、自動車部品、紡績、食品など西安(せいあん)に次ぐ省第二の工業都市に発展している。

［秋山元秀・編集部　2017年7月19日］

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