voennyi komissar (English spelling) voennyikomissar

Japanese: voennyi komissar(英語表記)voennyikomissar
voennyi komissar (English spelling) voennyikomissar

...In 1946, the title was changed to the old Minister. (2) Military Commissar (voennyi komissar) (1918-1942) The person responsible for political leadership within the Soviet Red Army. Initially, the commanders were officers of the former Imperial Army, so the military commissar also had to monitor them, and the commanders' orders had to be countersigned by the military commissar.

From [Political Officer]

... refers to officers who work in the political department established within the military by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to guide the military. The Military Revolutionary Committee first dispatched military commissars (voennyi komissars) to Red Army units, ships, agencies, schools, etc. in 1918, immediately after the Russian Revolution. They had the power to ensure that military orders could not be carried out without the signature of a military commissar. Military commissars were abolished once, but were reinstated in 1937, and abolished again in 1942 when the single command system was established.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "voennyi komissar" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…46年より旧来の大臣に改称された。(2)軍事コミッサールvoennyi komissar(1918‐42) ソビエト赤軍内における政治指導の責任者をいう。当初は旧帝政軍の将校を指揮官に登用したため,その監視をも兼ね,指揮官の命令には軍事コミッサールの副署が必要とされた。…

【政治将校】より

…ソ連邦共産党が軍を指導するために,軍隊内に設置した政治部に勤務する将校をいう。ロシア革命直後の1918年,軍事革命委員会が赤軍の部隊,艦艇,機関,学校等に軍事委員voennyi komissarを派遣したのが初めであり,軍の命令は軍事委員の署名がなければ実行されないなどの権力を持っていた。軍事委員はいったん廃止されたが1937年復活し,42年単一指揮官制が確立されてふたたび廃止された。…

※「voennyi komissar」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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