When country B inherits a law from country A, the two countries are said to have a "legal system" relationship, with country A being the mother law country and country B being the child law country. European continental law, which inherited ancient Roman law, belongs to the Roman legal system, while Japan and Turkey, which inherited this continental law in modern times, belong to either the Roman legal system or the continental legal system. The continental legal system is further divided into the German legal system, the French legal system, etc. Russian law also generally belonged to the continental legal system, but the Russian Revolution added new legal characteristics, and a new legal system called the socialist legal system was created by countries that inherited Soviet law. British law originally belonged to the Germanic legal system, but it has developed independently and has been inherited by America and former colonies, forming the common law legal system (Anglo-American legal system). Islamic countries form the Islamic legal system. India and China had their own legal systems, but in modern times they are being dominated by the legal systems of Western countries. Japan adopted the Chinese legal system through the introduction of the Ritsuryo system, and has a history of conflict and compromise between indigenous and Chinese characteristics. However, since the Meiji period, it has belonged to the continental law system, and after World War II, it has also been partially influenced by the Anglo-American legal system. [Ryuichi Nagao] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
甲国から乙国に法が継受された場合、両国の間に「法系」の関係があるといい、甲国を母法国、乙国を子法国という。古代ローマ法を継受したヨーロッパ大陸法はローマ法系に属し、近代以後この大陸法を継受した日本やトルコはローマ法系ないし大陸法系に属する。大陸法系はさらにドイツ法系、フランス法系などに分かれる。ロシア法も概して大陸法系に属していたが、ロシア革命によって新たな法性格が加わり、ソビエト法を継受した諸国によって、社会主義法系という新たな法系が生じた。イギリス法は元来ゲルマン法系に属するが、独自の発展を示し、アメリカや旧植民地などに継受されてコモン・ロー法系(英米法系)を形成している。イスラム圏はイスラム法系を形成している。インドや中国は独自の法体制をもっていたが、近代においては西洋諸国の法系の支配を受けつつある。日本は律令(りつりょう)制の導入によって中国法系を受け入れ、土着性と中国性の対立と妥協の歴史をたどったが、明治以後は大陸法系に属し、第二次世界大戦後は英米法系の部分的影響をも受けている。 [長尾龍一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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