A dynasty of English kings (1399-1461, 1370-1471). Along with the House of York, they were a branch of the House of Plantagenet. Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, was created Duke of Lancaster in 1362, but his son Henry led the nobles in rebellion against the tyranny of King Richard II, deposing him in 1399 and ascending to the throne as Henry IV (reigned 1399-1413), the first king of England. His son, Henry V (reigned 13-22), defeated the French army at the Battle of Agincourt and gained the right to the French throne, but died of illness in southern France. During the reign of his son, Henry VI (reigned 22-61, 70-71), Richard, Duke of York, a descendant of Edward III's third son Lionel, claimed the throne and started the Wars of the Roses, and Richard's son Edward dethroned Henry VI in 1461 and ascended the throne as Edward IV, establishing the House of York. Henry VI was restored to the throne in 1470, but was killed the following year, ending the rule of the House of Lancaster. However, in 85, his family, Henry of the Tudor family, overthrew Richard III, the King of the House of York, and ascended the throne as Henry VII, ending the Wars of the Roses and establishing the Tudor dynasty. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリスの王朝 (1399~1461,70~71) 。ヨーク朝とともにプランタジネット朝の支派。エドワード3世の第4子ジョン・オブ・ゴーントは 1362年ランカスター公に叙せられたが,その子ヘンリーは,国王リチャード2世の専制に反抗する貴族を指導して挙兵,99年これを廃してヘンリー4世 (在位 1399~1413) として即位,初代の王となった。その子ヘンリー5世 (在位 13~22) は,アザンクールの戦いでフランス軍を破り,フランス王位継承権を得たが,南フランスで病没。その子ヘンリー6世 (在位 22~61,70~71) の時代,エドワード3世の第3子ライオネルの子孫でヨーク公のリチャードが王位を要求してバラ戦争を起し,リチャードの子エドワードが 1461年ヘンリー6世を廃位して,エドワード4世として即位,ヨーク朝を樹立した。ヘンリー6世は 70年いったん復位したが,翌年殺され,ランカスター朝の支配は終った。しかし 85年,その一族チューダー家のヘンリーがヨーク朝の王リチャード3世を倒してヘンリー7世として即位,バラ戦争を終結させ,チューダー朝を開いた。
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