A common name for diacetylmorphine. A narcotic drug. The hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder that dissolves easily in water. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body, and becomes monoacetylmorphine, which then becomes morphine. Its effects are 2 to 5 times stronger than morphine, and last about half as long. In other words, it has a stronger analgesic effect than morphine, but it is also addictive quickly, and repeated administration can cause severe mental and physical dependence, making withdrawal symptoms more likely. When heroin is injected, tension is significantly reduced, and a short period of euphoria follows after drowsiness. In addition, odor disorders, skin itching, constipation, and miosis can occur. In addition to withdrawal symptoms, chronic poisoning symptoms such as tooth loss and anemia can occur with long-term continuous use. Morphine's fatal side effect is respiratory depression, which is seen when administered in large quantities, but the same is true for heroin. It is strictly prohibited internationally to manufacture, sell, possess, and use. It is also prohibited to use it for medical purposes. Because it is effective in small doses, it has become a major drug that is smuggled and used illegally, and is the target of global crackdowns. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ジアセチルモルヒネの通称。麻薬。塩酸塩は白色の結晶性粉末で、水に溶けやすい。生体内で急速に加水分解され、モノアセチルモルヒネからさらにモルヒネとなって作用する。作用はモルヒネの2~5倍強く、持続時間は約2分の1である。すなわち、モルヒネよりさらに強力な鎮痛作用を有するが、依存性の発現も早く、反復投与により高度の精神的ならびに身体的依存を生じ、禁断現象がおこりやすい。ヘロインを注射すると緊張感が著しく低下し、眠気のあとに短い陶酔のときがくる。また、においに対する障害、皮膚のかゆみ、便秘、縮瞳(しゅくどう)がみられる。長期連用により禁断現象のほか、歯が抜けたり貧血をおこすなど慢性中毒症状もみられる。モルヒネの致死的な副作用は呼吸抑制で、大量投与時にみられるが、ヘロインも同様である。国際的に製造、販売、所持、使用が厳禁されている。医療用に使用することも禁止されている。用量が少なくて効くところから、密輸や不正使用される麻薬の中心的薬物となっており、世界的に取締りの対象となっている。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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