Benin was founded in the 14th century in the tropical rainforests of southern Nigeria, West Africa, and flourished from the 15th to 17th centuries. It had a vast territory stretching from the Niger River Delta to Dahomey (present-day Benin) at its western end. The capital, Benin City, was the site of Portuguese traders and missionaries' activities, and pepper, ivory, slaves, and other goods were traded there. Europeans who visited the city left reports of the city's large size, wide streets, orderly rows of houses, and the vast royal palace. Benin's highly artistic bronzework (figures and decorative plaques), which is world-famous, is said to have begun in the 13th century, and some of the bronzework from the early days of the kingdom can be found at the Benin Museum. The kingdom began to decline around the 19th century, and in 1897, it was attacked by the British in rebellion against the murder of missionaries, and the king was expelled and the city was incorporated into British territory. [Hiromitsu Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西アフリカ、ナイジェリア南部の熱帯雨林地帯に、14世紀ごろに建設され15~17世紀に繁栄した王国。ニジェール川デルタから西端はダオメー(現ベナン)に至る広大な領土を有した。首都ベニン・シティはポルトガル人商人や宣教師の活動の場所となり、胡椒(こしょう)、象牙(ぞうげ)、奴隷などが取引された。来訪したヨーロッパ人が当時のベニン・シティの規模の大きさ、大通り、整然とした家並み、また広壮な王宮についての報告を残している。芸術性が高く世界的に有名なベニンの青銅細工(人像、飾り板)は13世紀に始まるといわれ、ベニン博物館には王国初期のものも残されている。19世紀ごろから王国は衰退し、1897年には宣教師団が殺害されたことに反発したイギリスの攻撃を受け、王は追放されイギリス領に組み入れられた。 [中村弘光] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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