Petra is a World Heritage site (cultural heritage) of Jordan registered in 1985. It is an ancient ruin located in a canyon between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, south of the capital Amman. Petra flourished as a caravan city of the Arab nomadic Nabataean people from around the 2nd century BC. To reach the ruins surrounded by rocky mountains, one must pass through a single road called a siq, which is surrounded by cliffs. After walking along this narrow, dark road for about 30 minutes, one comes across a magnificent structure reminiscent of a Greek temple. This building, called Khazneh Faroun, is 30 meters high and carved into the rock wall. Going further in, one can see Roman ruins such as an amphitheater, baths, and banquet hall built in the 2nd and 3rd centuries during the Roman period, and to the right of the colonnaded street are a group of rock-cut tombs called the "Royal Tombs." There are more than 1,000 remains of houses remaining in this urban space. Petra, which was once considered a "phantom city," was discovered in 1812 by the Swiss orientalist Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. The value of these ancient ruins was recognized and they were registered as a World Heritage Site. ◇The English name is Petra. Petra means "rock" in Greek. Source: Kodansha World Heritage Sites Detailed Explanation Information |
1985年に登録されたヨルダンの世界遺産(文化遺産)で、首都アンマン南方、死海とアカバ湾の間にある峡谷に位置する古代遺跡。ペトラは、紀元前2世紀頃から、アラブ系の遊牧民ナバタイ人の隊商都市として栄えた。岩山に囲まれた遺跡群に到達するには、断崖絶壁に囲まれたシクという一本道を通らねばならない。この細く暗い道を30分ほど歩くと、ギリシア神殿を思わせる荘厳な建造物がある。カズネ・ファルウンというこの建物の高さは30mで、岩壁に彫り込まれている。さらに奥へ進むと、ローマ時代の2~3世紀に建造された円形劇場、浴場、宴会場などのローマ遺跡が現れ、列柱通りの右手には「王家の墓」と呼ばれる岩窟墳墓群などが建ち並ぶ。この都市空間には、1000を超える住居跡が残っている。「幻の都」とされていたペトラは、1812年にスイス人の東洋学者ヨハン・ルートヴィヒ・ブルクハルトによって発見された。このような古代遺跡の価値が評価され、世界遺産に登録された。◇英名はPetra。ぺトラはギリシア語で「岩」という意味。
出典 講談社世界遺産詳解について 情報 |
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