Gyokuyo Wakashu - Gyokuyo Wakashu

The 14th imperially commissioned anthology of waka poetry. 20 volumes. Compiled by Kyogoku Tamekane. The 92nd Emperor Fushimi liked Tamekane's innovative style of poetry, and in 1293 (Eijin 1) during his reign, he ordered four poets, Tamekane, Nijo Tameyo, Asukai Masaari, and Kujo Takahiro, to compile an anthology of waka poetry. However, in 1298, Tamekane was exiled to Sado and the Emperor abdicated, and Takahiro and Masaari also died, so the project was discontinued. In 1308 (Enkei 1), Emperor Hanazono ascended to the throne, and Fushimi-in once again planned to have Tamekane compile an anthology. Tameyo protested against this and a great debate broke out between him and Tamekane, known as the "Petition of the Two Lords of the Enkei Era." Reizei Tamesuke also expressed a desire to be the editor, and the situation became complicated. In the end, however, on May 3, 1271 (Ocho 1), it was ordered that Tamekane should compile the work alone. It was presented to the public on March 28, 1271 (Showa 1), and further revisions were made, and the work was completed in October 1372.

The number of poems is the highest in the twenty-first era, with 2,801 poems, and the selection ranges from ancient times to the present, but the emphasis is on the poems of Kyogoku poets and their precursors, the Man'yoshu and Shin Kokin poets, while the Daikakuji and Nijo schools are overlooked. The main poets in the present era are Fushimi-in, Eifukumon'in, Tamekane, Junior Third Rank Tameshiko, and Saionji Sanekane. In the previous era, Fujiwara no Shunzei, Fujiwara no Teika, and Saigyo. He showed distinctive features in his works, such as sensory descriptive poems using new angles and lighting, such as "The shadows of the village clouds in the evening are visible, and autumn lightning circles the edge of the mountain" (Fushimi-in), non-representational poems based on ideas, such as "The year draws to a close on the empty, leafless branches, and the spring that is to come again approaches" (Tamekane), and psychoanalytic love poems, such as "There are times when I feel joyful in the silence, and I trust in the evening afterwards" (Eifukumon'in), but he received severe criticism from supporters of traditional poetry in works such as the "Kaen Rensho no Kotogi."

[Miyoko Iwasa]

"Gyokuyoshu, edited by Tsuguta Kasumi (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Gyokuyoshu, by Hamaguchi Hiroaki (included in "Waka Literature Lectures 4: Manyoshu and Imperially Commissioned Waka Anthologies," 1970, Ohfusha)" ▽ "Study of the History of Medieval Waka Poetry, by Fukuda Shuichi (1972, Kadokawa Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

第14番目の勅撰(ちょくせん)和歌集。20巻。京極為兼(きょうごくためかね)撰。第92代伏見(ふしみ)天皇は為兼の革新的歌風を好み、在位中の1293年（永仁1）為兼、二条為世、飛鳥井雅有(あすかいまさあり)、九条隆博(たかひろ)の4名に勅撰集撰進を命じたが、98年為兼佐渡配流、天皇退位、続いて隆博、雅有も没して事業は中絶した。1308年（延慶1）花園(はなぞの)天皇が践祚(せんそ)、伏見院はふたたび為兼独撰による撰集を企図した。為世はこれに異議を申し立て、為兼との間に『延慶両卿訴陳状(えんきょうりょうきょうそちんじょう)』として知られる大論争を繰り広げ、冷泉為相(れいぜいためすけ)も撰者を希望して事態は紛糾したが、結局11年（応長1）5月3日為兼独撰が下命され、翌12年（正和1）3月28日奏覧、なお補訂を加えて13年10月に完成した。

　歌数は二十一代集中もっとも多い2801首、撰歌範囲は古代から当代に至るが、とくに京極派歌人詠とその先蹤(せんしょう)となった万葉歌、新古今歌人詠に重点を置き、大覚寺統、二条派は軽視する。主要作者は、当代では伏見院、永福門院(えいふくもんいん)、為兼、従三位(じゅさんみ)為子、西園寺実兼(さねかね)。前代では藤原俊成(しゅんぜい)、藤原定家、西行。新たな角度、照明による感覚的叙景歌「宵のまの村雲(むらくも)づたひ影みえて山の端(は)めぐる秋の稲妻」（伏見院）、非具象的観念歌「木の葉なき空(むな)しき枝に年暮れて又めぐむべき春ぞ近づく」（為兼）、心理分析的恋歌「音せぬが嬉(うれ)しきをりもありけるよ頼み定めてのちの夕暮」（永福門院）などに特色を示すが、伝統歌風支持派からは『歌苑連署事書(かえんれんしょのことがき)』などで激しい非難を被った。

［岩佐美代子］

『次田香澄校訂『玉葉和歌集』（岩波文庫）』▽『浜口博章著「玉葉集」（『和歌文学講座 4　万葉集と勅撰和歌集』所収・1970・桜楓社）』▽『福田秀一著『中世和歌史の研究』（1972・角川書店）』

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