A general term for animals in the family Peccariidae, order Artiodactyla, class Mammalia. Members of this family, Tayassuidae, are boar-like animals found in North and South America. They have an oily gland on their back that resembles a navel, and are also called navel boars because of this. Although they look similar to boars, they differ in that the fifth toe on their hind legs has degenerated to be closer to three toes, and they have 40 premolars, four fewer than the boar's 44 teeth. The glands on their backs secrete secretions that are smeared on plants and tree roots for marking. They live in groups and forage for mushrooms, roots, and fruit, as well as eating grasshoppers, beetles, larvae, reptiles, carrion, and other animal matter. They are active in the early morning and evening in summer, and at any time in winter. They do not have a fixed rutting period, and give birth to one or two babies at a time after a gestation period of 140 to 150 days. Females reach sexual maturity at approximately 8 months, and males at approximately 11 months. There are two species in this family: the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) and the white-lipped peccary (T. albirostris). The collared peccary has a grey-black background with a yellowish-white stripe from the shoulders to the chest. It is 75-100 cm long, 55 cm high at the shoulder, and weighs 18-30 kg. It lives in groups of 5-6 to 10 individuals in the deserts and forests from southern North America to southern Patagonia. There are 14 subspecies. The white-lipped peccary is a little larger, with a body length of 113 cm and a weight of 25-30 kg. Its body color ranges from grey-black to blackish brown. The area around the mouth, cheeks, and throat are white. It lives in large groups of over 100 individuals in the forests. There are five subspecies, and it is found from southern Mexico to Paraguay. [Mitsuko Masui] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目ペッカリー科に属する動物の総称。この科Tayassuidaeの仲間は、南・北アメリカに分布するイノシシに似た動物で、背に油状の分泌物を出す腺(せん)をもち、それをへそに見立ててヘソイノシシともよばれる。外観はイノシシに似るが、後肢の第5趾(し)が退化して3趾に近くなっていることや、歯数もイノシシの44本に対し前臼歯(きゅうし)が4本少ない40本である点などに違いがみられる。背部にある腺から出る分泌物はマーキングに用いられ、草木や木の根などに塗り付けられる。群れをなして暮らし、キノコ、根、果実などをあさるほか、バッタ、甲虫、幼虫、爬虫(はちゅう)類、死肉など動物質も食べる。活動時間は、夏季は早朝と夕刻で、冬季にはとくに時間を選ばない。定まった発情期は認められず、1産1~2子を140~150日の妊娠期間ののちに分娩(ぶんべん)する。雌はほぼ8か月、雄は約11か月で性成熟する。 本科には、クビワペッカリーTayassu tajacu、クチジロペッカリーT. albirostrisの2種がある。クビワペッカリーは灰黒色の地に肩部から胸にかけて黄白色の帯状模様がある。体長75~100センチメートル、肩高55センチメートル、体重18~30キログラム。北アメリカ南部からパタゴニア南部にわたる砂漠地帯や森林に、5、6頭から十数頭の群れで暮らす。14亜種がある。クチジロペッカリーはやや大形で、体長113センチメートル、体重25~30キログラム。体色は灰黒色から黒褐色。口の周囲、頬(ほお)、のどなどが白色。100頭以上の大群をなして森で暮らす。5亜種があり、メキシコ南部からパラグアイに分布する。 [増井光子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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