A substance that has the ability to reduce other substances. When reducing a substance, the reducing agent itself releases electrons and becomes oxidized. Hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, carbon, and other elements are often used as reducing agents, and nascent hydrogen generated by pouring acid onto metals is a particularly effective reducing agent. In addition to these, amalgams of alkali metals and zinc, hydrides of boron and aluminum, salts of metals in low oxidation states, hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, thiosulfates, oxalic acid, formic acid, aldehydes, alcohols, and sugars are also used as reducing agents. Because oxidation and reduction reactions are relative, what is a reducing agent in one system may be an oxidizing agent in another, such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. [Iwamoto Shinbu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ほかの物質を還元する作用をもつ物質。ある物質を還元するとき、還元剤自身は電子を放出して酸化される。水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アルミニウム、亜鉛、炭素などの単体は還元剤としてよく利用され、金属に酸を注いで発生させた発生期の水素はとくに有効な還元剤となる。これらのほか、アルカリ金属や亜鉛のアマルガム、ホウ素やアルミニウムの水素化物、低酸化状態の金属塩、硫化水素、硫化物、チオ硫酸塩、シュウ酸、ギ酸、アルデヒド、アルコール、糖なども還元剤として使われる。酸化・還元反応は相対的であるから、ある系では還元剤となるものが他の系では酸化剤となる場合もあり、そのような例として二酸化硫黄(いおう)、過酸化水素などがある。 [岩本振武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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