It is a transitional dictatorship that takes place when the old social system collapses and the class that will carry the new era seizes political power. In order to form a new social system, the purpose is to suppress the rebellion of the old ruling class, wipe out its social influence, and at the same time guide and enlighten the whole of society in accordance with new ideals. Therefore, this dictatorship transcends the legal norms of the old system, but C. Schmitt considered it to be a sovereign dictatorship in legal form. Typical examples are the dictatorship of M. Robespierre in the modern bourgeois revolution and the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks in the proletarian revolution. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古い社会体制が崩壊し,新しい時代をになう階級が政治権力を掌握した際に過渡的に行われる独裁をいう。新しい社会体制を構成するため,旧支配階級の反抗を抑圧するとともに,その社会的影響力を一掃し,同時に社会全体を新しい理念に従って指導,啓蒙することを目的とする。したがってこの独裁は旧体制の法規範を超越して成立するが,C.シュミットは法形式上は主権独裁に属するとした。近代ブルジョア革命における M.ロベスピエールの独裁,プロレタリア革命におけるボルシェビキの独裁がその典型である。
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