Pecheneg (English spelling)

Japanese: ペチェネグ（英語表記）Pecheneg

A Turkic nomadic people active from the 8th to the 13th centuries. In the 8th century, they lived in the Altai Mountains and Lake Balkhash, and in the 9th century in the valleys between the Volga and Ural rivers. In 889, they migrated to the northern shore of the Black Sea due to pressure from the Oghuz and Khazar tribes from the east, and from around 915 they frequently invaded Russian territory to the west, laying siege to Kiev in 968 and capturing and killing Prince Sviatoslav Igorevich of Kiev in 972. However, in the mid-11th century, when they came under pressure from the Koman (Cuman) tribes (Polovts) from the east, they moved their base to the Dnieper and Danube rivers on the west coast of the Black Sea. They frequently invaded the Byzantine Empire and posed a great threat, including besieging the Byzantine stronghold of Adrianople (now Edirne) in 1050 and 1078. However, in 1091 they were completely defeated by the Byzantine army in the lower reaches of the Maritsa River, and thereafter lost their status as a state.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

8～13世紀に活動したトルコ系遊牧民族。8世紀にはアルタイ山脈，バルハシ湖方面，9世紀にはボルガ，ウラル両川の河間地帯に居住したが，889年東方からのオグズ，ハザル族の圧迫を受けて黒海北岸地帯に移住，この地を本拠に915年ころから西方のロシア領にしばしば侵入，968年にはキエフを包囲し，972年にはキエフ侯スビャトスラフ･イーゴレビチを捕らえて殺害するなどの猛威をふるった。しかし11世紀の半ば，東方からのコマン(クマン)族(ポロベツ)の圧迫を受けると本拠を黒海西岸のドニエプル，ドナウ両川方面に移し，1050年，78年にはビザンティン帝国の要衝アドリアノープル(現，エディルネ)を包囲するなど，しばしば同帝国内に侵入して多大の脅威を与えたが，91年，マリツァ川下流域でビザンティン軍に完敗を喫し，それ以後，一つの国家としての立場を失った。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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