Shinbashi - Shinbashi

A district in the northeastern end of Minato Ward, Tokyo. In 1710 (7th year of the Hoei era), Shinbashi, which was built over the Shiodome River, which forms the border with Ginza to the north, was renamed Shibaguchibashi, but continued to be called Shinbashi. In the Edo period, Shinbashi was mainly used on the Ginza side, but after Shinbashi Station (renamed Shiodome Station in 1914) was established as the starting point of the railway in 1872 (5th year of the Meiji era), the Minato Ward side came to be called Shinbashi. The current Shinbashi Station was established in 1909 (42nd year of the Meiji era) as Karasumori Station, and was renamed to its current name when the starting point was moved to Tokyo Station, which opened in 1914 (3rd year of the Taisho era). Shiodome Station (formerly Shinbashi Station) became a freight-only station and was closed in 1986 (61st year of the Showa era), and the site was redeveloped. The foundations of the old Shinbashi Station building, part of the platform, and the zero mile sign are preserved as national historic sites, and as part of the redevelopment project, these were used to recreate the "Old Shinbashi Station" (construction began in 2002 and was completed in 2003). In addition, Shiodome Station, which is part of the Toei Subway Oedo Line and the Yurikamome new transit system, was established in the center of the redevelopment area in November 2002.

The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line runs through the north, and the Toei Subway Mita Line and Asakusa Line run north-south, dividing the area into three districts: Nishi-Shinbashi, Shinbashi, and Higashi-Shinbashi.

During the Edo period, the area became an urban area early on, and Karasumori, at the west exit of the station, flourished as a red-light district with many teahouses and geisha houses. At the beginning of the Meiji period, it became the starting point of Japan's first railway, and in 1882, a horse-drawn railway line was opened between Shinbashi and Asakusa, and it developed into a transportation hub. Currently, it is an extension of Ginza, and is particularly bustling as a restaurant district. The Shiodome River was filled in and disappeared in 1964, and the Metropolitan Expressway runs through it, with Ginza Nine, a collection of restaurants and other stores, located below it. On the south side of the old Shinbashi, there is a monument to the song "Ginza no Yanagi." On Hibiya Street, where the Toei Mita Line runs, there is the former residence of Ichinoseki feudal lord Tamura, with a monument marking the place where Asano Takumi no Kami died, and Tokyo Jikei University of Medicine. The Matsuoka Museum of Art, which mainly collects Chinese ceramics, was located here, but moved to Shirokanedai in 2000. Both the east and west exits of Shinbashi Station have been redeveloped into high-rise buildings.

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

東京都港区北東端の地区。1710年（宝永7）、北の銀座との境界をなす汐留(しおどめ)川に架けられた新橋を芝口橋と改称したが、引き続き新橋ともよばれていた。江戸時代はおもに銀座側を新橋とよんだが、1872年（明治5）鉄道の起点駅として新橋駅（1914年汐留駅に改称）が設けられてから港区側を新橋とよぶようになった。現在の新橋駅は、1909年（明治42）に烏森(からすもり)駅として設置されたもので、1914年（大正3）に開設された東京駅に起点駅が移った際、現名に改称された。汐留駅（旧、新橋駅）は貨物専用駅となり、1986年（昭和61）廃止され、跡地は再開発されることになった。旧新橋駅の駅舎基礎、ホームの一部、0哩(ゼロマイル)標識は国の史跡として保存されており、再開発に伴い、それらを利用して「旧新橋停車場」が再現された（2002年着工。2003年完成）。また、再開発地区の中心地に2002年（平成14）11月都営地下鉄大江戸線、新交通システム「ゆりかもめ」の「汐留駅」が設置された。

　北部を東京地下鉄銀座線が通り、南北方向の都営地下鉄三田(みた)線・浅草線を境として西新橋、新橋、東新橋の3地区に分かれる。

　江戸時代に早く市街地となり、駅西口の烏森は茶屋、芸妓(げいぎ)屋の多い花街として栄えた。明治の初め、日本最初の鉄道の起点として、さらに1882年新橋―浅草間に馬車鉄道が通り、交通の中心として発展した。現在は銀座の延長として、とくに飲食店街としてにぎわっている。汐留川は1964年に埋め立てられて消失し、首都高速道路が通り、その下に飲食店などの店舗が集まった銀座ナインがある。旧新橋の南側に『銀座の柳』の歌碑が立っている。都営地下鉄三田線の通る日比谷(ひびや)通りに、浅野内匠頭(たくみのかみ)終焉(しゅうえん)之地碑のある一関(いちのせき)藩主田村邸跡と、東京慈恵会医科大学(とうきょうじけいかいいかだいがく)がある。中国陶磁器をおもに収集している松岡美術館があったが2000年白金台へ移転。新橋駅前の東口、西口ともに再開発によって高層ビル街となっている。

［沢田　清］

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