Giwaquan - Gyowake

…In 1896, the private secret society Daito-kai launched a large-scale anti-Kyōkyō movement, but while the Daito-kai's anti-Kyōkyō movement continued, the lower-class peasants in the countryside, in order to defend their homelands against the church and the people, set up martial arts workshops in their villages, learned martial arts, formed "societies" and "groups," and further formed organizations for the anti-Kyōkyō movement by linking villages. These peasant-based martial arts groups, called "Yiwa-ken" or "Baika-ken," expanded and elevated the anti-Kyōkyō movement in cooperation with the Daito-kai. The term "Boxer League," referring to the entire group of the anti-Kyōkyō movement, was coined around 1899, and their activities began to become more public from that time on. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Yihequan" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1896年，民間秘密結社の大刀会が大規模な仇教運動をおこしたが，大刀会の仇教運動がつぎつぎと展開される一方で，農村の下層農民大衆が教会･教民に対抗して郷土を防衛するため，村々に拳廠を設けて拳術を身につけ，〈会〉〈団〉をつくり，さらに村を連ねて仇教のための組織を形成していった。義和拳，梅花拳などと呼ばれるこの農民主体の武術集団は，大刀会と連動しながら仇教運動を拡大･高揚させていった。こうした仇教運動の主体全体を指す〈義和団〉という呼称は，99年ごろ生まれ，そのころから活動が公然化していった。…

※「義和拳」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報