Sharon, Ariel

Japanese: シャロン（英語表記）Sharon, Ariel

Born: February 26, 1928, Kfar Malar, British Mandate of Palestine
[Died] January 11, 2014. Ramatgan, Israel. Israeli soldier and politician. Prime Minister (2001-06). Former name Ariel Scheinerman. Grew up in Palestine under the British Mandate to a Russian immigrant family. Joined the Jewish underground military organization Haganah at the age of 14. Joined the Palestinian War (First Arab-Israeli War) in 1948 as a young officer and participated in four Middle East wars, achieving various military feats. In 1973, he left the army and was involved in the formation of the right-wing party Likud. He returned to the army at the outbreak of the October War (Fourth Arab-Israeli War) and became known as a hero for turning the tide of the war in his favor. In 1982, he became Minister of Defense and led the invasion of Lebanon, but resigned after it was discovered that he had massacred Palestinian refugees (→Lebanese Civil War). He subsequently served as a cabinet minister under the right-wing government led by Likud. In 1999, he became leader of Likud, and in 2000, he forced a visit to the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, which led to the halt of the peace process with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Palestinian Authority, which had barely continued since the signing of the Palestinian Interim Self-Government Agreement in 1993. In 2001, he defeated the incumbent Ehud Barak in the popular election for prime minister and became prime minister. As prime minister, he took a hard-line stance against Palestinian terrorism against Israel. On the other hand, in 2003, he announced that he would remove settlements from the Gaza Strip and parts of the West Bank and withdraw Israeli troops, which caused strong opposition within Likud. In September 2005, he completed the removal of settlements, and in November, he left Likud to form a new party, Kadima. In 2006, he suffered a stroke and died without ever regaining consciousness.

Sharon
Charron, Pierre

Born: 1541. Paris
Died November 16, 1603. Paris. French philosopher and Catholic theologian. He studied at the Sorbonne and other institutions, and began his career as a lawyer, but later switched to theology and achieved success. In 1589, he tried to enter a monastery, but was refused due to his age. In the same year, he became acquainted with Montaigne, who he regarded as his teacher. His Three Truths (1593) contrasted the weakness of human reason with the infinity of God, and argued for the acceptance of Christianity through faith, refuting Calvin's Reformed theology, and playing a part in the Counter-Reformation. In his major work, De la sagesse (1601), he developed a Montaigne-style theory of skepticism, arguing that skepticism blanks the mind, creating a foundation for accepting revelation, or leading one to live in accordance with nature, and preaching the compatibility of skepticism and religion. At the same time, he developed the first theory of natural morality in modern history that was independent of religion, and influenced free thinkers in 17th-century France and England.

Sharon
Sharon

A city on the east bank of the Chenango River in western Pennsylvania, USA, on the Ohio border. It began as a mill settlement around 1802, and in 1844 became a center of the iron industry with the extension of the Erie Canal and the completion of the Pennsylvania Canal. Its main industries are the manufacture of steel, transformers, and other steel products. Boule Park and the area around Chenango Dam are recreational areas for residents. Population 17,493 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1928.2.26. イギリス委任統治領パレスチナ，クファルマラル
[没]2014.1.11. イスラエル，ラマトガン
イスラエルの軍人，政治家。首相（在任 2001～06）。旧名 Ariel Scheinerman。イギリス委任統治下のパレスチナで，ロシア系移民の家族のもとで育つ。14歳でユダヤ人地下軍事組織ハガナーに入った。1948年のパレスチナ戦争（第1次中東戦争）に若手将校として従軍以来 4次にわたる中東戦争に参戦，数々の軍功を上げた。1973年にいったん軍を退き，右派政党リクードの結成にかかわる。十月戦争（第4次中東戦争）勃発を機に軍に復帰，戦況を有利に転換させたことから英雄として名をはせる。1982年国防大臣に就任し，レバノン侵攻作戦を指揮するが，その際にパレスチナ難民を虐殺したことが発覚し辞任（→レバノン内戦）。その後リクードを中心とする右派政権下で閣僚を歴任する。1999年リクード党首となり，2000年にエルサレム旧市街にある「神殿の丘」の視察を強行，これをきっかけに，1993年のパレスチナ暫定自治協定締結以来かろうじて続いていたパレスチナ解放機構 PLOおよびパレスチナ暫定自治政府との和平プロセスはとだえた。2001年の首相公選で現職のエフド・バラクを破り，首相に就任。首相としてパレスチナ人のイスラエルに対するテロに対しては強硬姿勢をとった。一方，2003年にガザ地区および一部ヨルダン川西岸地域の入植地を撤去し，イスラエル軍を撤退させると公表しリクード内部の激しい反発を招いた。2005年9月に入植地撤去を完了し，11月にリクードを離党して新党カディマを結成した。2006年に脳卒中で倒れ，意識が戻らないまま死亡した。

シャロン
Charron， Pierre

[生]1541. パリ
[没]1603.11.16. パリ
フランスの哲学者，カトリック神学者。ソルボンヌなどで学び法律家として世に出たが，のちに神学に転じ成功を収めた。 1589年修道院に入ろうとしたが年齢ゆえに拒まれた。同年モンテーニュと知合い親交を結びかつ師と仰いだ。『三つの真理』 Les trois vérités (1593) は人間理性の弱さと神の無限性を対比させて信仰によるキリスト教受容を主張してカルバンの改革派神学を反駁，対抗宗教改革の一翼をになった。主著『知恵について』 De la sagesse (1601) ではモンテーニュ流の懐疑論を展開し，懐疑は精神を空白にして啓示を受入れる下地をつくり，あるいは自然に従って生きるように導くとして，懐疑と宗教の両立を説く一方，近世史上初めて宗教から独立した自然道徳論を展開，17世紀フランス，イギリスの自由思想家に影響を与えた。

シャロン
Sharon

アメリカ合衆国，ペンシルバニア州西部，オハイオ州境のシェナンゴ川東岸の都市。 1802年頃に水車集落として始り，44年エリー運河の延長，ペンシルバニア運河の完成によって製鉄業の中心となった。鉄鋼，変圧機，その他の鋼製品の製作が主産業である。ブールパークやシェナンゴダム付近は，市民のレクリエーション地域。人口1万 7493 (1990) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Shower (English spelling)

>>: Shalom Aleichem