A heating device developed in Russia from the 18th century onwards. It means furnace in Russian. A brick furnace originating from a fireplace, it is often integrated into the wall of a building. Some also serve as a stove for cooking as well as a heater. The furnace has a curved flue that absorbs heat from the smoke, making it highly efficient. The brick construction gives it a large thermal capacity, and by adjusting the amount of air intake with a damper, it is possible to gradually burn the fuel and maintain the heating effect, and it only requires adding fuel once or twice a day. Therefore, it is not suitable for intermittent heating, such as at night or on warm days, and is only a heating device for cold regions. The surface temperature of the furnace is below 100 degrees Celsius, making it a comfortable heating method. It was introduced to Japan during the Meiji period, but due to its high cost, it was only used in high-end buildings in the cold Hokkaido. [Harunori Yoshida] "Architectural Institute of Japan, ed., Design and Planning Pamphlet 10, Residential Heating Design" (1960, Shokokusha) [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアで18世紀以降に発達した暖房装置。ロシア語で炉を意味する。暖炉を起源としたれんが造の炉で、建物の壁と一体化して設けたりする。また、暖房だけでなく炊事用のかまどを兼ねるものもある。炉内で煙道を屈曲させ煙から十分に吸熱する構造になっており熱効率がよい。れんが造のため熱容量が大きく、ダンパーで空気取入量を調節することにより、燃焼を徐々に行い暖房効果を持続させることが可能で、燃量投入は日に1、2回ですむ。したがって、夜間や暖かい日には停止するような間欠的暖房には不向きで、あくまで寒冷地用の暖房装置である。炉の表面温度は100度C以下で、温感上快適な暖房方式である。わが国には明治時代に導入されたが、高価なため寒冷な北海道の高級な建物に適用されるにとどまった。 [吉田治典] 『日本建築学会編『設計計画パンフレット10 住宅の暖房設計』(1960・彰国社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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