Hayes, Rutherford Birchard

Japanese: ヘーズ（英語表記）Hayes， Rutherford Birchard

Born October 4, 1822 in Ohio and Delaware
[Died] January 17, 1893. Fremont, Ohio. American politician. 19th president (in office 1877-81). As a lawyer in Cincinnati, he defended a fugitive slave case and joined the Republican Party. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1865 to 1867. He served as the governor of Ohio from 1868 to 1872 and 1876 to 1877. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1877 presidential election against Democrat S. Tilden, but lost both the popular and electoral votes to Tilden. However, after doubts were raised about the votes in four states, a special election committee consisting of federal congressmen and Supreme Court justices investigated, and Hayes was declared the winner by 185 to 184 electoral votes (→ Hayes-Tilden Compromise). Immediately after taking office in 1877, he withdrew federal troops remaining in the South, bringing an end to the Reconstruction era. Furthermore, he adopted a policy of appeasement towards the South, such as allowing the revival of the old power in the South and appointing Southerners to federal government positions, which led to conflict with conservative Republicans, especially Senator R. Conkling. Federal troops were sent in to put down the railroad strike in 1877. He supported a sound monetary policy, siding with the gold coin faction in the East against the West, which was demanding the issuance of silver coinage, and although he vetoed the Bland-Allison Act, it passed in Congress. He also vetoed a bill banning Chinese immigration. After leaving office in 1881, he devoted himself to education projects and prison improvements.

Haze
Hayes, Helen

Born October 10, 1900 in Washington, USA
[Died] March 17, 1993. New York, USA. American actress. Real name Helen Hayes Brown. She began performing on stage at the age of five, starring in works by Shakespeare, E. O'Neill, T. Williams, and others. Though petite, she gained popularity for her beauty and intelligent acting. She was president of the American National Theatre and the Academy of Dramatic Arts (ANTA) from 1951 to 1953. The Helen Hayes Theatre in New York was named in commemoration of her 50 years on the stage. She also appeared in many films, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for Madelon's Tragedy (1932) and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Airport (1970). She also wrote an autobiography, A Gift of Joy (1965).

Haze
Hayes, Carlton Joseph Huntley

Born May 16, 1882 in Afton, New York
[Died] September 3, 1964. Afton, New York. American historian. After graduating from Columbia University in 1907, he became a lecturer, assistant professor, and professor at the same university, where he taught until 1950. During that time, he served as ambassador to Spain from 1942 to 1945. He specialized in modern European history, and classified the lineages of nationalism into humanitarian, Jacobin, traditional, liberal, and totalitarian, and argued that nationalism could be directed toward a future path of international pacifism. His main works are "Essays on Nationalism" (1926) and "The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism" (48).

Haze
Hays

A town in central Kansas, USA. Founded in 1865. In the 20th century, it developed with the development of oil fields. It faces the Big Creek River and is a distribution center for wheat. Population 17,767 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1822.10.4. オハイオ，デラウェア
[没]1893.1.17. オハイオ，フレモント
アメリカの政治家。第 19代大統領 (在任 1877～81) 。シンシナティの弁護士として逃亡奴隷事件の被告を弁護し，共和党に入党。 1865～67年連邦下院議員。 68～72，76～77年オハイオ州知事。 77年の大統領選挙戦に共和党候補として立ち，民主党の S.ティルデンと戦い，一般投票でも選挙人投票でもティルデンに敗れたが，4州での投票に疑義がもたれ，連邦議員と連邦最高裁判所判事から成る特別選挙委員会の調査の結果，選挙人投票 185対 184でヘーズの逆転当選が確定 (→ヘーズ＝ティルデン妥協 ) 。 77年大統領に就任後ただちに南部に残っていた連邦軍を撤退させ，再建時代に終止符を打った。さらに南部の旧勢力の復活を認め南部人を連邦官職に任命するなど対南部宥和策をとったため，共和党保守派特に R.コンクリング上院議員と対立。 77年の鉄道ストライキには連邦軍を出動させて鎮圧。銀貨の発行を要求する西部に対しては東部の金貨派の側に立ち健全通貨政策を支持し，ブランド＝アリソン法には拒否権を発動したが，議会で成立した。また中国人移民禁止法案にも拒否権を発動。 81年大統領退任後は教育事業，刑務所改善に尽した。

ヘーズ
Hayes， Helen

[生]1900.10.10. アメリカ，ワシントン
[没]1993.3.17. アメリカ，ニューヨーク
アメリカの女優。本名 Helen Hayes Brown。5歳のときから舞台に立ち，シェークスピア，E.オニール，T.ウィリアムズなどの作品に主演。小柄ながらも美貌と知的な演技によって人気を博した。 1951～53年アメリカ国民演劇およびアカデミー ANTA会長。ニューヨークのヘレン・ヘーズ劇場は彼女の舞台生活 50年を記念して命名されたもの。映画出演も多く，『マデロンの悲劇』でアカデミー主演女優賞 (1932) ，『大空港』でアカデミー助演女優賞 (70) を受賞した。自伝『喜びの贈り物』A Gift of Joy (1965) がある。

ヘーズ
Hayes， Carlton Joseph Huntley

[生]1882.5.16. ニューヨーク，アフトン
[没]1964.9.3. ニューヨーク，アフトン
アメリカの歴史学者。 1907年コロンビア大学卒業後，同大学で講師，助教授，教授となり 50年まで教鞭をとった。その間，42～45年スペイン駐在大使。近代ヨーロッパ史を専攻し，ナショナリズムの系譜を人道主義的，ジャコバン的，伝統的，自由主義的，全体主義的なものに分類し，ナショナリズムを未来の国際平和主義への道に方向づけることができると主張した。主著"Essays on Nationalism" (1926) ，"The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism" (48) 。