Hess, Rudolf

Japanese: ヘス(英語表記)Hess, Rudolf
Hess, Rudolf
Born: April 26, 1894, Alexandria, Egypt
[Died] August 17, 1987. A member of the Berlin Nazi Party. Served as an air force officer in World War I. Became a member of the Nazi Party in 1920, participated in the Munich Putsch in 1923, and later dictated Mein Kampf to Hitler while imprisoned in Landsberg. After the re-establishment of the Nazi Party in 1925, he became Hitler's secretary. After the establishment of the Third Reich, he became acting Führer in April 1933, and joined the cabinet in June of the same year. He became Hitler's close aide, and in August 1939, Hitler appointed him successor to Führer after H. Goering. However, he did not have any particularly outstanding political power, and only occupied the third position in the party due to his personal loyalty to Hitler, and his influence within the party declined after that. For this reason, on May 10, 1941, just before the start of the war against the Soviet Union, he flew alone to Scotland to try to end the war against Britain through compromise negotiations, but failed and was taken prisoner. After World War II, he was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials and died while serving his sentence in Spandau Prison in Berlin.

Hess
Hess, Moses

Born: June 21, 1812, Bonn
Died April 6, 1875. A Parisian Jewish-German socialist. One of the founders and writers of the Rheinische Zeitung (1841). From the autumn of 1845 to March of the following year, he collaborated with K. Marx on the German Ideology in Brussels, but eventually fell out of ties with Marx and others. After the March Revolution, he went to Paris, and fled to Switzerland from 1849 to 1852. In 1863, he became acquainted with Francis Lassalle and became the Cologne representative of the Pan-German Workers' Association, but dissatisfied with the compromising attitude of the Lassalle faction, he switched to the Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1869. He was also known as a Zionist, and his Rome and Jerusalem (62), which he wrote under the influence of the unification of Italy, became a theoretical textbook for the Zionist movement.

Hess
Hess Corporation

Amerada Hess is an American oil company. It was established in 1969 when Amerada Oil and Hess Oil & Chemical merged. Amerada was established in 1920, and changed its name to Amerada Oil in 1941. Hess Oil & Chemical started as a heating oil distributor in the 1930s, and acquired 10% of Amerada Oil from the British government in 1966. It has expanded its crude oil production in the United States and the North Sea, and in 2001 expanded its production area by acquiring Triton Energy, which has interests in West Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. It changed its name to the current one in 2006. It has a refining base in the U.S. Virgin Islands in a joint venture with Venezuela's state-run oil company, PDVSA, and sells petroleum products mainly along the East Coast of the United States.

Hess
Hess, Victor Francis

Born: June 24, 1883 in Waldstein
[Died] December 17, 1964. Mount Vernon. American physicist of Austrian descent. Studied at the University of Graz, receiving his doctorate in 1906. After working as an assistant at the Radium Institute at the University of Vienna, he moved to the United States and later became a professor at the University of Graz (1925). In 1931, he established a cosmic ray observatory on a mountain near Innsbruck, but was pursued by the Nazis in 1938 and became a professor at Fordham University in New York. From around 1931, he confirmed the existence of cosmic rays using a balloon carrying a foil electroscope. In 1936, together with C. Anderson, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on cosmic rays.

Hess
Hess, Walter Rudolf

Born: March 17, 1881 in Frauenfeld
Died: August 12, 1973, Zurich Swiss physiologist. Studied at universities in Switzerland and Germany, and after earning his doctorate in Zurich in 1906, he became an ophthalmologist, but switched to physiology research in 1912, and served as professor and director of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Zurich from 1917 to 1951. He discovered that the centers of the autonomic nervous system are located in the medulla oblongata and hypothalamus, and proved that stimulating specific parts of a cat's hypothalamus can make it angry and increase its appetite. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for his discovery of the role that specific parts of the brain play in the function of internal organs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1894.4.26. エジプト,アレキサンドリア
[没]1987.8.17. ベルリン
ナチス党幹部。第1次世界大戦に空軍士官として従軍。 1920年ナチス党員,23年ミュンヘン一揆に参加,のち A.ヒトラーとともにランツベルクで入獄中,『わが闘争』の口述筆記をした。 25年ナチス再建以後ヒトラーの秘書。第三帝国成立後の 33年4月総統代理,同年6月入閣。以後ヒトラーの側近となり,39年8月ヒトラーにより H.ゲーリングに次ぐ総統後継者に任命された。しかし特にすぐれた政治力もなく,ヒトラーに対する個人的忠誠によって党の第3の地位を占めたにすぎず,その後党内での影響力は衰退した。このため 41年5月 10日対ソ戦開始の直前,単身飛行機でスコットランドに飛び,イギリスとの妥協的交渉により対英戦争終結をはかる挙に及んだが失敗,捕虜となった。第2次世界大戦後ニュルンベルク裁判で終身刑を宣告され,ベルリンのシュパンダウ刑務所で服役中に死亡。

ヘス
Hess, Moses

[生]1812.6.21. ボン
[没]1875.4.6. パリ
ユダヤ系ドイツ人の社会主義者。『ライン新聞』 Rheinische Zeitung (1841) の創設者,執筆者の一人。 1845年秋から翌年3月にかけてブリュッセルで K.マルクスと『ドイツ・イデオロギー』の共同作業に従事したが,やがてマルクスらと決裂。三月革命後パリにおもむき,49~52年スイスに亡命。 63年 F.ラサールと知合い,「全ドイツ労働者協会」のケルン代表となったが,ラサール派の妥協的態度に不満で,69年社会民主労働者党に移った。なおシオニストとしても知られ,彼がイタリア統一に影響されて著わした『ローマとエルサレム』 Rome and Jerusalem (62) は,シオニズム運動の理論的な教科書となっている。

ヘス
Hess Corporation

アメリカ合衆国の石油会社。1969年にアメラダ・オイルとヘス・オイル・アンド・ケミカルが合併しアメラダ・ヘスとして設立。アメラダは 1920年に設立され,1941年アメラダ・オイルと改称。ヘス・オイル・アンド・ケミカルは 1930年代に暖房油販売会社として事業を始め,1966年にイギリス政府からアメラダ・オイルの 10%株式を取得した。アメリカ国内や北海で原油生産を拡大してきたが,2001年には西アフリカや南アメリカ,東南アジアに権益をもつトリトン・エネルギーを買収して生産地域を拡大した。2006年現社名に変更。アメリカ領バージン諸島にベネズエラ国営石油 PDVSAとの合弁で精製基地をもち,アメリカ東海岸を中心に石油製品を販売。

ヘス
Hess, Victor Francis

[生]1883.6.24. ワルトシュタイン
[没]1964.12.17. マウントバーノン
オーストリア系のアメリカの物理学者。グラーツ大学で学び,1906年学位取得。ウィーン大学のラジウム研究所の助手などを経て,いったん渡米し,その後グラーツ大学教授 (1925) となる。 31年にインスブルック近郊の山の上に宇宙線観測所を設立したが,38年ナチスに追われてニューヨークのフォーダム大学教授となった。 11年頃から,箔検電器を積んだ気球を用いて,宇宙線の存在を確かめた。 36年 C.アンダーソンとともに宇宙線研究によりノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。

ヘス
Hess, Walter Rudolf

[生]1881.3.17. フラウエンフェルト
[没]1973.8.12. チューリヒ
スイスの生理学者。スイス,ドイツ各地の大学で学び,1906年チューリヒで学位を得たのち眼科医となったが,12年から生理学の研究に転じ,17~51年,チューリヒ大学教授兼生理学研究所所長。自律神経系の中枢が延髄と視床下部にあることを発見,ネコの視床下部の特定の部位を刺激すると,怒らせたり,食欲を増進させたりできることを証明した。脳の特定の部位が内臓の機能に果す役割を発見したことで,49年のノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。

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