Earthquakes in South America, Chile. Huge earthquakes of magnitude 8 to 9 occur frequently off the coast of Chile and Peru. These earthquakes are characterized by their large main shock, the possibility of being accompanied by a large foreshock, and the generation of a large tsunami, which causes great damage not only in the epicenter but also in other parts of the Pacific Ocean. These tsunamis pass through Hawaii about seven hours before they reach Japan, so their arrival can be predicted by observations on the island of Hawaii. Major earthquakes include the 1906 Valparaiso earthquake (M8.2), the 1922 Atacama earthquake (M8.5), and the 1960 Chile earthquake (M9.5). Of these, the 1960 Chile earthquake was the largest earthquake ever recorded, and the tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached Japan, leaving 139 people dead or missing in the Sanriku region. Chile has also had major earthquakes without tsunamis, such as the 1939 Chirán earthquake (M 7.8) inland of Chile, which killed 30,000 people, and the 1970 Ancash earthquake (M 7.9) off the coast of Peru, which killed tens of thousands of people due to mudslides caused by glacial avalanches. [Hiroshi Wakita] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ、チリでおこる地震。チリ、ペルー沖には、マグニチュード(M)8~9の巨大地震が高い頻度で発生する。これらの地震の特徴は、本震が大きいこと、大きい前震を伴う場合があること、大津波の発生を伴うことで、大津波は震源域ばかりでなく太平洋諸地域に大被害を及ぼす。こうした津波は日本の約7時間前にハワイを通過するので、ハワイ島での観測によって津波の来襲を予測することができる。おもな地震としては、1906年のバルパライソ地震(M8.2)、1922年のアタカマ地震(M8.5)、1960年のチリ地震(M9.5)などがある。このうち1960年のチリ地震は観測史上最大の地震で、津波が太平洋を越えて日本まで押し寄せ、三陸地方では死者・行方不明139人を出した。チリには津波を伴わない大地震もあり、1939年チリ内陸部のチラン地震(M7.8)では死者3万人、そのほか1970年のペルー沖のアンカシュ地震(M7.9)では氷河雪崩(なだれ)による土石流によって数万人の死者を出している。 [脇田 宏] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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