Earthquake Prediction Coordination Committee - jishin yochi renrakukai

Japanese: 地震予知連絡会 - じしんよちれんらくかい
Earthquake Prediction Coordination Committee - jishin yochi renrakukai

Following the Matsushiro earthquake swarm from 1965 to 1967 and the Tokachi-oki earthquake in 1968, the liaison organization was established in April 1969 to respond to societal demand for practical application of earthquake prediction. Observation data from universities and other ministries and agencies is collected and examined four times a year in order to exchange the latest information on earthquake prediction, efficiently analyze various observational data, and make comprehensive judgments on the presence or absence of precursor changes to earthquakes. Regional subcommittees are also held as necessary. The contents of the discussions are made public through a press briefing held after the liaison meeting. The liaison group is made up of 30 members, including the chairman, and its secretariat is located at the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

In 1978, based on the following selection criteria, the strengthened observation areas (South Kanto and Tokai regions) and eight specific observation areas (eastern Hokkaido, western Akita Prefecture, northwestern Yamagata Prefecture, eastern Miyagi Prefecture, eastern Fukushima Prefecture, southwestern Niigata Prefecture, northern Nagano Prefecture, western Nagano Prefecture, eastern Gifu Prefecture, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe areas, eastern Shimane Prefecture, and the Iyonada and Hyuga-nada Sea areas) were designated. However, since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (Hyogo Prefecture Southern Earthquake) in 1995, a high-density observation system has been established nationwide, and damaging earthquakes cannot be limited to these areas. Therefore, there is little significance in focusing on the "specific observation areas" and "strengthened observation areas," and they were abolished in 2008. Regarding the Tokai earthquake, the "Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special Measures Act" has established the "Earthquake Disaster Prevention Measures Strengthening Regional Assessment Committee (abbreviated as "Assessment Committee")" as an advisory body to the Director-General of the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Separate from the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction, the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion was established in the Prime Minister's Office after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. This was later transferred to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in 2001 during the government reorganization, with the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as its Director. The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion's main duties were to promote basic policies, adjust the budgets of relevant government agencies, formulate survey and observation plans, and collect, organize, analyze and evaluate survey results from relevant government agencies and universities, and to publish official earthquake information on behalf of the Japanese government. As a result, the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction shifted its focus to its original purpose of promoting the practical application of earthquake prediction, and now operates through a plenary meeting to exchange and consider information on seismic and crustal activity throughout Japan, and subcommittees to consider individual or urgent themes as necessary, in order to contribute to the reduction of earthquake disasters. Among these, interesting phenomena and problems for earthquake prediction research, such as short-term and long-term slow slip, and the existence of periods of quiescence and activity in wide-area earthquake activity, are selected as "priority subjects" and are being studied. The contents of these subjects are published in the newsletter and on the website. Regarding volcanic eruptions, the "Coordinating Committee for Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions" (Secretariat: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) has been established.

[Hiroshi Wakita]

[Reference items] | Coordinating Committee for Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions | Earthquakes | Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special Measures Act | Tokai Earthquake | Tokachi-oki Earthquake|Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake | Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1965年(昭和40)~1967年の松代(まつしろ)群発地震や1968年の十勝沖(とかちおき)地震を契機として、翌1969年4月、地震予知の実用化を求める社会の要請にこたえるため設置された連絡機関。地震予知に関する最新情報の交換、各種観測資料の能率的な解析、地震の前兆的変化の有無について総合的判断を行うため、年4回、大学をはじめとする各省庁諸機関の観測データが集められ検討される。また、必要に応じて地域ごとの部会も開催される。討議の内容は連絡会後の記者説明会を通して一般に公表される。連絡会は会長を含む委員30名で構成され、事務局は国土交通省国土地理院に置かれている。

 1978年に(1)過去に大地震があって最近おきていない地域、(2)活構造地域、(3)地殻活動が活発な地域、(4)東京など社会的に重要な地域、などの選定基準に基づき、観測強化地域(南関東と東海地域)と全国8か所の特定観測地域(北海道東部、秋田県西部・山形県西北部、宮城県東部・福島県東部、新潟県南西部・長野県北部、長野県西部・岐阜県東部、名古屋・京都・大阪・神戸地区、島根県東部、伊予灘(いよなだ)および日向灘(ひゅうがなだ)周辺)が指定された。しかし、1995年(平成7)の阪神・淡路大震災(兵庫県南部地震)を契機に高密度な観測態勢が全国的に整備されてきたこと、被害地震はこれらの地域に限定できないことなどから、「特定観測地域」と「観測強化地域」を重点観測する意義は少なく、2008年(平成20)に廃止された。東海地震に関しては「大規模地震対策特別措置法」のもとに、気象庁長官の諮問機関として「地震防災対策強化地域判定会(略称、判定会)」が設置されている。

 地震予知連絡会とは別に、阪神・淡路大震災を契機として、地震調査研究推進本部が当時の総理府に設置された。これはその後2001年の省庁再編に際して文部科学省に移され、文部科学大臣が本部長となった。地震調査研究推進本部は基本的な施策の推進、関係行政機関の予算などの調整、調査観測計画の策定、関係行政機関、大学などの調査結果の収集、整理、分析、評価などをおもな任務とし、日本政府としての公式の地震情報の公表を行うことになった。これにより、地震予知連絡会は本来の設立趣旨である地震予知の実用化を推進するという目的に重心を移し、地震による災害の軽減に寄与するため、日本全国の地震活動、地殻活動などについて情報交換を行い検討する本会議と、必要に応じて個別的あるいは緊急的テーマについて検討する部会によって活動している。そのなかで、短期的・長期的スロースリップ、広域的な地震活動の静穏期・活動期の存在など、地震予知研究にとって興味深い現象や問題などを「重点検討課題」として選定し、検討が行われている。それらの内容は会報やホームページを通して公表されている。火山噴火に関しては「火山噴火予知連絡会」(事務局国土交通省)が設けられている。

[脇田 宏]

[参照項目] | 火山噴火予知連絡会 | 地震 | 大規模地震対策特別措置法 | 東海地震 | 十勝沖地震 | 阪神・淡路大震災 | 兵庫県南部地震

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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