A distributed constant circuit is a circuit in which the circuit elements are uniformly distributed when high frequency waves are passed through the line. Inductance, capacitance, and leakage resistance are distributed in transmission lines, coaxial cables, and waveguides, and these distribute voltage and current according to position. When dealing with such circuits, the idea of lumped constants cannot be applied, as in radio circuits and transformers, where the circuit elements are concentrated in one place. Therefore, analysis and design are performed assuming that the circuit constants such as inductance, resistance, capacitance, and leakage (the inverse of leakage resistance) for each unit length of the line (usually 1 meter) are uniformly distributed along the line. These circuit constants are called distributed constants, and the circuit is called a distributed constant circuit. However, even if the line is shorter than the wavelength of the AC current, it is treated as a lumped constant circuit. Even in electrical circuits, circuits that are very long compared to the wavelength, such as power lines, can be considered as infinitely long lines and are distributed constant circuits. Therefore, the characteristic impedance of the line and other constants can be calculated from the distributed constants. [Michinori Iwata] Circuit constants such as inductance and resistance are expressed in terms of unit length and calculated . Distributed constant circuit (circuit diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
線路に高周波を流し回路とするとき、回路の要素が一様に分布しているものをいう。伝送線路、同軸ケーブル、導波管などにはインダクタンス、キャパシタンス(静電容量)、漏れ抵抗が分散して存在し、これらによって電圧や電流が位置に対応して分布する。このような回路を取り扱う場合には、回路の要素が1か所に集まっているラジオ回路とか変圧器のように、集中定数の考え方は適用できない。したがって線路の単位長さ(普通は1メートル)ごとのインダクタンス、抵抗、キャパシタンス、リーカンス(漏れ抵抗の逆数)などの回路定数が線路に一様に分布しているものとして、解析、設計などを行う。この回路定数を分布定数といい、その回路を分布定数回路という。ただし、線路であっても交流の波長に比べて短い場合は、集中定数回路として扱っている。電気回路でも、送電線のように波長に比べて非常に長い回路では、無限長線路と考えてよく、分布定数回路となる。したがって、線路の特性インピーダンスとか、そのほかの定数などを分布定数から算定することができる。 [岩田倫典] インダクタンス、抵抗などの回路定数は単位長さで表し、計算する©Shogakukan"> 分布定数回路(回路図) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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