A broker is an independent third party who acts as an intermediary between two parties in the business of commercial transactions. He is different from an agent in that he is not subordinate to a specific merchant. He is characterized by being free to move around the market, searching for sellers for buyers and buyers for sellers. When an intermediation is established, he receives a commission, known as a brokerage. Legally, since both the seller and the buyer are the beneficiaries, the commission is shared equally, but in reality, the party that first requests the sale or purchase usually pays a fixed percentage of the transaction amount. Brokers deal with a wide range of items, including commodities, bills of exchange, foreign exchange, insurance, ships, customs clearance, and stocks, but in reality they specialize, and in the case of commodities, they further specialize in specific items such as grains, metals, and textiles. Among these, a person who acts as an intermediary between banks or securities companies and bill users and discounts bills and provides related intermediation services is called a bill broker, a person who acts as an intermediary between foreign exchange banks and foreign exchange rate users is called an exchange broker, a person who acts as an intermediary between shipowners and charterers is called a ship broker, and a person who acts as an intermediary between customs and traders and handles customs clearance is called a customs broker. [Mitsuo Morimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
独立した第三者として他人間の商行為の媒介を業とする者で、仲立人(なかだちにん)ともよばれる。特定の商人に従属していない点で代理商と異なっている。自由に市場を往来し、買い手のために売り手を探し、売り手のために買い手を探すところに特色がある。媒介が成立したときには、ブローカレージbrokerageとよばれる仲立手数料を受け取る。法律上は売り手と買い手の双方が受益者であるから、均分して仲立手数料を負担することにしているが、実際には、売却もしくは購入を先に依頼した側が取引金額の一定歩合を支払うのが普通である。ブローカーが扱う対象は、商品、手形、為替(かわせ)、保険、船舶、通関、株式などに及ぶが、専門化しているのが実情であり、商品の場合にはさらに、穀物、金属、繊維など特定商品ごとに細かく専門化している。これらのうち、銀行や証券会社と手形利用者の間にたって手形割引ならびにその仲介を業とする者をビル・ブローカーbill broker、外国為替銀行と為替相場利用者とを仲介する者を為替ブローカーexchange broker、船主と用船者を仲介する者を船舶ブローカーship broker、税関と貿易業者の間にたって通関仲立ちをする者を税関ブローカーcustoms brokerという。 [森本三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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