Born: December 20, 1851 in Stockholm Died: May 3, 1926. Stocksand Swedish economist. Founder of the Swedish School (Nordic School). He studied mathematics at Uppsala University, but was known as a radical social thinker influenced by utilitarianism and neo-Malthusianism, a view he held throughout his life. From 1885 to 1890, he studied in England, Germany, Austria, and France, and gradually turned to economics. He studied classical economics as well as theories based on marginalism (→ marginal analysis) that emerged after the emerging marginal revolution. He was particularly influenced by Eugen Böhm-Bawerk's capital theory, and published Über Wert, Kapital und Rente (Value, Capital, and Rent) (1893). While the book focuses on the real aspects of the economy, in 1898 he published Geldzins und Güterpreise (Interest and Prices), which analyzed the monetary aspects of the economy. In it he presented an explanation of the cumulative process in which the deviation between the natural interest rate (→ natural interest) and the money interest rate (→ money interest) causes cumulative fluctuations in prices. This made him a pioneer in the macroscopic dynamic analysis of the monetary economy. In 1900 he became a professor at Lund University, and published Lectures on National Economics (vol. 1, 1901; vol. 2, 1906), which revised and systematized the above two books. He is also known for his emphasis on population issues (→ moderate population) and his research on fiscal theory. However, these contributions only began to attract attention in the English-speaking world in the 1930s, after Wicksell's death. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1851.12.20. ストックホルム [没]1926.5.3. ストックサンド スウェーデンの経済学者。スウェーデン学派(北欧学派)の始祖。ウプサラ大学で数学を専攻したが,当時から功利主義や新マルサス主義の影響を受けた急進的社会思想家として知られ,この面は終生続いた。1885~90年イギリス,ドイツ,オーストリア,フランスに留学してしだいに経済学に転じ,古典派経済学とともに新興の限界革命以降の限界主義(→限界分析)に立つ諸理論を研究した。特にオイゲン・ベーム=バウェルクの資本理論に強い影響を受けて『価値・資本および地代』Über Wert,Kapital und Rente(1893)を公刊。同書が経済の実物的側面の考察を主対象としているのに対して,1898年には経済の貨幣的側面を分析した『利子と物価』Geldzins und Güterpreiseを公刊し,自然利子率(→自然利子)と貨幣利子率(→貨幣利子)の乖離から物価の累積的変動が生じるという累積過程の説明などを提示した。これにより,のちの貨幣経済の巨視的動学分析の先駆者となった。1900年ルンド大学教授となり,上記 2著を修正しつつ体系化した『国民経済学講義』(1巻,1901。2巻,1906)を公刊した。人口問題の重視(→適度人口)や財政論の研究でも著名。ただしこれらの貢献が英語圏で注目されるようになったのは, ウィクセルの没後,1930年代に入ってからである。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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