In English, Prussia. Originally the name of a region along the Baltic Sea coast where Slavic Prussians lived (later East Prussia). It came under Polish rule from the 11th century, and the German Knights ruled under Polish suzerainty from the 13th century. In 1525, the head of the Knights, Albrecht, converted to Protestantism and secularized the Knights' territory, which was then called the Duchy of Prussia. From 1618 onwards, it was ruled under a personal union with the Elector of Brandenburg, and in 1657 it left Polish suzerainty. In 1701, the Kingdom of Prussia was formed with Brandenburg at its centre, and Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg became king, calling himself Frederick I. In the late 18th century, under Frederick II, it became a powerful European nation, combining Silesia (Silasia) and West Prussia. In the 19th century, it became the central force in German unification, and even after the establishment of the German Empire, it continued to play a leading role as a state. Germany maintained its own government after World War I. After World War II, most of its former territories were divided and annexed by the Soviet Union and Poland, and the name Prussia disappeared. Related topics North German Confederation | Germany | German Customs Union | Brandenburg Gate | Prussian Reform | House of Hohenzollern Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
英語ではPrussia。元来はバルト海沿岸,スラブ系のプロイセン人の居住した地域名(後の東プロイセン)。11世紀ころからポーランドの支配下におかれ,13世紀以降その宗主権下にドイツ騎士修道会が統治した。騎士修道会長アルブレヒトが,1525年新教に改宗して騎士修道会領を世俗化し,以後プロイセン公国と称した。1618年以後はブランデンブルク選帝侯の同君連合の下に治められ,1657年ポーランドの宗主権を離脱。1701年ブランデンブルクを中心としてプロイセン王国を形成し,ブランデンブルク選帝侯フリードリヒ3世が国王となり,フリードリヒ1世と称した。18世紀後半フリードリヒ2世の時代にシレジア(シロンスク),西プロイセンを合わせてヨーロッパの強国となった。19世紀にはドイツ統一の中心勢力となり,ドイツ帝国成立後も領邦として指導的地位にあった。第1次大戦後もドイツ国内で独自の政府を有した。第2次大戦後旧領の大半はソ連,ポーランドに分割併合され,プロイセンの名称も消滅した。 →関連項目北ドイツ連邦|ドイツ|ドイツ関税同盟|ブランデンブルク門|プロイセン改革|ホーエンツォレルン[家] 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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