…(2) During the period of great migrations, it became the term for a local administrative district of the Western Roman Empire consisting of a city and its surrounding dependent villages. (3) In Latin historical documents from the early Middle Ages and the Carolingian period, various expressions such as civitas, urbs, oppidum, castellum, castrum, and vicus are used to describe urban settlements, but the name civitas (or urbs) seems to have been used only for cities that had been the seat of a bishopric since the Roman period, and even since the Merovingian period or even earlier. The use of the word civitas is relatively rare for ancient Roman cities that had a bishopric only in the 8th century. … From [City] … Similarly, cities in Russia, China, the Arab world, etc., seem to have different views of cities from the above, based on their urban forms and lifestyles. [Kenichi Tanabe] *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "urbs" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(2)民族大移動時代には,都市とその周辺の従属農村とから成る西ローマ帝国の〈地方行政区〉を呼ぶ語となった。(3)中世初期,カロリング朝時代のラテン語史料では,都市的集落を表現するために,キウィタス,ウルブスurbs,オッピドゥムoppidum,カステルムcastellum,カストルムcastrum,ウィクスvicusなどの種々の表現が用いられているが,この中でキウィタス(またはウルブス)の名称は,ローマ時代以来の,しかもメロビング朝時代以来またはその以前から司教座所在地となったような〈都市〉についてのみ用いられたようである。古来のローマ都市であっても,8世紀に入ってはじめて司教座が設けられたような都市については,キウィタスの語の用例は比較的まれである。… 【都市】より… 同様に,ロシア,中国,アラブ等の都市も,都市の形態,生活様態からして,上述の事がらとはまた違った都市観がそれぞれにあるように思われる。【田辺 健一】 ※「urbs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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