It is an algebraic system introduced by British mathematician G. Boole as a field for logical calculations, and has a wide range of applications, including not only logic and set theory but also computer circuit design. The theory is a two-valued predicate logic, where the set of all logical formulas is F, and for any logical formulas p and q, p=q satisfies p≡q (p and q are equivalent). Consider the three logical operations p∨q (p or q), p∧q (p and q), and ~p (negation of p). In this case, the following formulas hold. (1) p∨q=q∨p p∧q=q∧p (1) x∨y=y∨x x∧y=y∧x Next, let P(A) be all subsets of set A. The elements x and y of P(A) are both subsets of A. For these x and y, if x ∨ y, x ∧ y, and x * are respectively the union, intersection, and complement of x with respect to A, they become subsets of A and are elements of P(A). If we take A as 1 and the empty set as 0, they are also elements of P(A). These operations also satisfy conditions (1) to (5). Therefore, P(A) is a Boolean algebra with respect to these Boolean operations. In this case, x ≦ y coincides with the inclusion relation xy of the sets. [Toshio Nishimura] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの数学者G・ブールが論理計算の場として導入した代数系で、論理学、集合論への適用だけでなく、コンピュータの回路設計など、その応用範囲は広い。理論は二値の述語論理で、論理式全体の集合をFとし、任意の論理式pとqについて、p=qとはp≡q(pとqは同値)が成り立つこととする。三つの論理演算p∨q(pあるいはq)、p∧q(pかつq)、~p(pの否定)を考える。このとき次の式が成り立つ。 (1) p∨q=q∨p p∧q=q∧p (1) x∨y=y∨x x∧y=y∧x 次に集合計算について考える。集合Aの部分集合の全体をP(A)とする。P(A)の元x、yはともにAの部分集合である。これらのx、yに対して、x∨y,x∧y,x*をそれぞれ、xとyの和集合、共通集合、Aに対するxの補集合とすれば、それらはそれぞれAの部分集合となり、P(A)の元である。1としてAを、0として空集合をとれば、それらはまたP(A)の元である。そして、これらの演算はまた条件(1)~(5)を満たす。したがって、P(A)はこれらのブール演算に関してブール代数である。この場合、x≦yは、集合の包含関係xyと一致する。 [西村敏男] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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